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Majority Muslims believe he died a natural death, some believe he was assassinated but dispute who did it The Quran confirms he was assassinated in the following verse.
The sunni hadith also confirms this.
It’s from this point onwards that Shia and sunni view on this subject diverge. While the sunni claim that the prophet was poisoned by the Jews, Shias stress that he was poisoned by his two wives Aisha and Hafsa, as commanded by their fathers Abu Bakr and Omar.
The belief that he died as a result of eating poison from the Jews is very unlikely for the following reason:
First, The incident of the poisoned meat took place in the year 7AH. (After the migration to media, also known as the Hijrah, which marks the 1st year of the Islamic lunar calendar), the prophet (pbuh&hf) died in the 11th year AH. This leaves a time gap of 4 years from when he allegedly ate the poisoned mean till his death. It is very unlikely that a person dies because of a poison he had taken so many years ago. It is also because generally the effect of poison is immediate and even if it takes time it cannot exceed a few months in which the health condition deteriorates gradually. In the case of the Prophet, we notice that he had been in the peak of his health and throughout the said four years he had no unusual health complaints. He would participate in the battles to defend Muslims as usual. Thus, it defies any logic that his health deteriorated suddenly and he died of a poison he had had taken more than four years ago despite the fact that he enjoyed good health throughout that intervening period.
Second, the story of his death by poison ingested 4 years before, was narrated by Aisha her self, we know that she has lied to her husband on several occasions and a woman, who would not abstain from lying to the noblest prophet, would not abstain from lying to ordinary people, either. Therefore, the Hadiths reported by her cannot be trusted, especially when she, herself, was accused of being involved in the murder of the Prophet.
Third, Aisha contradicted herself by claiming that he died of a tumor
This confusion itself points fingers at her and even gives rise to suspicions about her.
Now, the shia view of the incident is as follows:
In another hadith, the prophet’s great grandson imam al-sadiq (as) accuses Aisha and Hafsa of poisoning his great grandfather.
The conjunctive (or) in this verse means “Rather”. In Arabic, sometimes (or) indicates uncertainty and probability. In other contexts, it imparts correction. Since it is next to impossible that any Muslim should suspect Allah’s word, since He has insight into the unknown, Allah must have intended to impart the other meaning. Accordingly a correct translation of the verse would be
Therefore the verse confirms he will be killed and would not die a natural death.
The sunni hadith also confirms this.
Source: Masnad Ahmed, Vol I, Page 408
It’s from this point onwards that Shia and sunni view on this subject diverge. While the sunni claim that the prophet was poisoned by the Jews, Shias stress that he was poisoned by his two wives Aisha and Hafsa, as commanded by their fathers Abu Bakr and Omar.
The belief that he died as a result of eating poison from the Jews is very unlikely for the following reason:
First, The incident of the poisoned meat took place in the year 7AH. (After the migration to media, also known as the Hijrah, which marks the 1st year of the Islamic lunar calendar), the prophet (pbuh&hf) died in the 11th year AH. This leaves a time gap of 4 years from when he allegedly ate the poisoned mean till his death. It is very unlikely that a person dies because of a poison he had taken so many years ago. It is also because generally the effect of poison is immediate and even if it takes time it cannot exceed a few months in which the health condition deteriorates gradually. In the case of the Prophet, we notice that he had been in the peak of his health and throughout the said four years he had no unusual health complaints. He would participate in the battles to defend Muslims as usual. Thus, it defies any logic that his health deteriorated suddenly and he died of a poison he had had taken more than four years ago despite the fact that he enjoyed good health throughout that intervening period.
Second, the story of his death by poison ingested 4 years before, was narrated by Aisha her self, we know that she has lied to her husband on several occasions and a woman, who would not abstain from lying to the noblest prophet, would not abstain from lying to ordinary people, either. Therefore, the Hadiths reported by her cannot be trusted, especially when she, herself, was accused of being involved in the murder of the Prophet.
Third, Aisha contradicted herself by claiming that he died of a tumor
Source: Masnad Abu Yoalla, Vol. 8, Page 258.
This confusion itself points fingers at her and even gives rise to suspicions about her.
Now, the shia view of the incident is as follows:
Source: Tafseer al- Qommi, Vol 2, Page 367, Bihar-ul- Anwar by Allama al-Majlisi, Vol 22, Page 239
In another hadith, the prophet’s great grandson imam al-sadiq (as) accuses Aisha and Hafsa of poisoning his great grandfather.
Source: Tafseer al-Ayashi, Vol 1, Page 200; Bihar-ul-Anwar, by Allama Al-Majlisi, Vol 22, Page 516
