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Oliver Cromwell had gone from commoner to Lord Protector, the most powerful man in England. On the way he had massacred many people, had annihilated the monarchy (which was later re-established) and had championed the Puritan cause.
When Rebellion broke out in Scotland (over a Prayer Book that Archbishop Laud had deemed compulsory), Charles resumed Parliament (later referred to as the Long Parliament), but Civil War broke out in 1642, lasting for four years. In 1642, Cromwell was 43 years old, and it was during this time that his talents and military abilities came to the fore. The Puritan Revolution had begun.
The Civil War was not a class war, but rather the culmination of disenchantment of Parliament with the monarchy. Charles had persecuted Puritans and had long-since clashed with Parliament. The War saw fighting between the two sides - Parliament (nicknamed the ‘Roundheads’ due to their severe haircuts) and the Cavaliers (the king and his followers).
Cromwell was now titled ‘Lord General and Commander in Chief of the Commonwealth and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland’. In Ireland, Cromwell ordered the massacres in Drogheda and Wexford, and the English colonization of Ireland. He then traveled to Scotland to crush dissenters there. Oliver Cromwell’s armies were widely acknowledged as unstoppable.
Returning to England he found the Parliament (named the ‘Rump’) in disarray. He dissolved them in 1653, effectively destroying both the monarchy and parliament. He also closed theatres, treated drunks and blasphemers harshly, decreed that recreation was forbidden and Sunday was declared a day of worship. Cromwell had thus become a military dictator.
The Roundheads quarreled - they could not agree on what the next step should be. Some wanted to keep the monarchy, the army wanted a republic and others still wanted religious tolerance for everyone (apart from Catholics and Anglicans!). Also, Parliament was very slow to pay the soldiers.
The King tried to play the game of putting each side against the other, which backfired on him. Many by this stage had lost faith in the King. Charles fled to Scotland but the Scots turned him over to Cromwell in 1646. Cromwell debated about what to do with the King, but he was finally instrumental in signing the paper which declared Charles a traitor and led to his execution outside the Banqueting Hall at Whitehall on January 30th, 1649. England now had no monarchy.
He died on 3rd September 1658 from malaria, leaving his son Richard as his successor. The son was no match for the father however, and England returned to the monarchy in 1660, crowning Charles I’s son (also Charles) as king.
Oliver Cromwell was deemed a moderate because he massacred only Catholics and Anglicans
njnj.essortment.com/whowasoliver_rjdq.htm
When Rebellion broke out in Scotland (over a Prayer Book that Archbishop Laud had deemed compulsory), Charles resumed Parliament (later referred to as the Long Parliament), but Civil War broke out in 1642, lasting for four years. In 1642, Cromwell was 43 years old, and it was during this time that his talents and military abilities came to the fore. The Puritan Revolution had begun.
The Civil War was not a class war, but rather the culmination of disenchantment of Parliament with the monarchy. Charles had persecuted Puritans and had long-since clashed with Parliament. The War saw fighting between the two sides - Parliament (nicknamed the ‘Roundheads’ due to their severe haircuts) and the Cavaliers (the king and his followers).
Cromwell was now titled ‘Lord General and Commander in Chief of the Commonwealth and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland’. In Ireland, Cromwell ordered the massacres in Drogheda and Wexford, and the English colonization of Ireland. He then traveled to Scotland to crush dissenters there. Oliver Cromwell’s armies were widely acknowledged as unstoppable.
Returning to England he found the Parliament (named the ‘Rump’) in disarray. He dissolved them in 1653, effectively destroying both the monarchy and parliament. He also closed theatres, treated drunks and blasphemers harshly, decreed that recreation was forbidden and Sunday was declared a day of worship. Cromwell had thus become a military dictator.
The Roundheads quarreled - they could not agree on what the next step should be. Some wanted to keep the monarchy, the army wanted a republic and others still wanted religious tolerance for everyone (apart from Catholics and Anglicans!). Also, Parliament was very slow to pay the soldiers.
The King tried to play the game of putting each side against the other, which backfired on him. Many by this stage had lost faith in the King. Charles fled to Scotland but the Scots turned him over to Cromwell in 1646. Cromwell debated about what to do with the King, but he was finally instrumental in signing the paper which declared Charles a traitor and led to his execution outside the Banqueting Hall at Whitehall on January 30th, 1649. England now had no monarchy.
He died on 3rd September 1658 from malaria, leaving his son Richard as his successor. The son was no match for the father however, and England returned to the monarchy in 1660, crowning Charles I’s son (also Charles) as king.
Oliver Cromwell was deemed a moderate because he massacred only Catholics and Anglicans
njnj.essortment.com/whowasoliver_rjdq.htm
