One thing that really puzzles me is the theological novelty proposed by Catholics that denominational division was a Protestant invention. You will recall that the OO and the EO split centuries before the Reformation. Tell me how the Catholic Church resolves differences with the Oriental Orthodox and the Eastern Orthodox, and then we can discuss how Protestants resolve their differences. It happens, by the way. I’ve been involved in at least one denominational merger. It’s not just Split City. I wonder if the Catholics have been more successful at reuniting their factions than the Protestants have been. And since the Reformation, there has been the Old Catholic split, and perhaps other Catholic splits. It is by no means a Protestant invention.
The splits among “apostolic” bodies are tragic and played a major role in facilitating the rise of Islam. The Catholic Church regards the healing of those splits as its major ecumenical priority, and in fact a lot of the smaller Eastern churches have come back into
union with Rome. The difference with modern denominationalism is that each of the four major divisions claims to be the true Church, and one can evaluate the claims. I don’t myself think that the claims of the two smaller “non-Chalcedonian” communions are very strong. The Old Catholics have an even weaker case–indeed, I’m not quite sure what they do claim for themselves.
The problem with Protestant denominationalism, in my view, is that it creates a situation of such chaos that there isn’t a meaningful concept of the visible Church left. Protestant denominations are for the most part comfortable with being just a fragment of the Church, with only a nebulous concept of just what the broader Church is to which they owe allegiance, and indeed often ignoring any concept of a broader Church at all.
I know that this is rather the opposite of the common claim made by Catholic apologists who don’t know any better and think that Protestant denominations each claim to be the true Church:shrug:. If they did, we could at least evaluate the claims and discern which, if any, are credible.
There is no “there there” in Protestantism. We could start with the two original “magisterial” traditions: Lutheran and Reformed. If that were all, we could evaluate each against the other. But in each case we have to deal with several splits on a conservative/liberal spectrum, with the conservatives claiming stricter adherence to the substantive doctrines of the tradition and the liberals greater faithfulness to the basic methodology of the tradition. One can’t simply dismiss these liberal claims, because Protestantism itself is based in a radical hermeneutic that questions established doctrines in the light of basic principles.
This is an even more serious concern when we look at the broad Reformed tradition (basically all of Protestantism except for Lutheranism and Anabaptism). What we find is that group after group uses the basic claim of sola scriptura to question specific elements of the original Reformed synthesis. And each group in turn, develops further splitoffs and further liberal/conservative splits.
Now I don’t agree with the common Catholic claim that the mere existence of these splits makes it impossible for any one of them to be right. But I think it is clear that this isn’t the same thing as the divisions among apostolic churches, tragic as those are.
The Reformers, for the most part, did not want to split. They were excommunicated. I can’t speak for the enthusiasts.
I think that’s a pious Protestant fiction. They came to the conclusion, pretty much all of them, that the papacy was Antichrist–that is to say, that the papacy and mainstream scholastic theology had radically corrupted the Gospel and were a parasitic growth on the Church. Their “reform” efforts were carried on under that assumption. While some of them, such as Bucer and Melanchthon, were willing to compromise with reform-minded Catholics (and with each other), none of the major early Protestant leaders had any desire for reunion or compromise with the Pope–not that I can see anyway. Peter Matheson’s essay “martin Bucer and the Old Church,” in
Martin Bucer: Reforming Church and Community, ed. David Wright, is helpful here, precisely because Bucer was a relatively “irenic” Reformer.
Edwin