God didn’t actually “punish” Adam for his sin of disobedience. What he says is that there will be a consequence to him if he disobeys. Much like i would say to a child, don’t eat that rotten apple or you’ll get a stomach ache. the child disobeys and gets the stomach ache. I nor God did it to him. In Genesis it says:
Gen 1:16 And the LORD God commanded the man, saying, “You may freely eat of every tree of the garden;
17 but of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you shall not eat, for in the day that you eat of it you shall die.”
The interesting part of the last sentence, in Hebrew it says you will die die (twice). So Adam and us through his disobedience, die physically and we died spiritually, being deprived of Gods grace.
Rom 3:21 But now the righteousness of God has been manifested apart from law, although the law and the prophets bear witness to it,
22 the righteousness of God through faith in Jesus Christ for all who believe. For there is no distinction;
23 since all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God,
In v 23 where it says “fall short” in greek means to be deprived of, lack, in need or want of, be worse off, or inferior to.
As an interesting side note it is the difference between catholic and calvinist, deprived vs totally depraved.
However back to the question: In baptism we receive grace as a free gift and are put back in a right relationship with God (righteousness) and receive the Holy Spirit. However this isn’t the end of it but just the beginning. In Corinthians and Ephesians the word “guarantee” is actually an earnest , downpayment or first installment:
2 Cor 1:22 he has put his seal upon us and given us his Spirit in our hearts as a guarantee:
Eph 1:13 In him you also, who have heard the word of truth, the gospel of your salvation, and have believed in him, were sealed with the promised Holy Spirit,
14 which is the guarantee of our inheritance until we acquire possession of it, to the praise of his glory.
The final installment is heaven and then the resurrection, where you will be as Adam originally was or as Christ is now with a glorified body, at which point we are fully restored with God. So right now you have the first installment and are awaiting the last installment, if you persevere o the end. God is giving you all the help you require in the sacraments, particularly baptism, confession and most especially in the eucharist.
Hope that helps.
Peace and God Bless
Nicene