Justin the Martyr (100 -165 AD) - He was crystal clear in expounding what the early Church taught concerning the Eucharist:
“We call this food Eucharist; and no one else is permitted to partake of it, except one who believes our teaching to be true…For not as common bread nor common drink do we receive these; but since Jesus Christ our Savior was made incarnate by the word of God and had both flesh and blood for our salvation, so too, as we have been taught, the food which has been made into the Eucharist by the Eucharistic prayer set down by Him, and by the change of our blood and flesh is nourished, is both the flesh and the blood of that incarnate Jesus.”
Irenaeus noted,
“For as the bread from the earth, receiving the invocation of God, is no longer common bread but the Eucharist, consisting of two elements, earthly and heavenly, so also our bodies, when they receive the Eucharist, are no longer corruptible but have the hope of resurrection into eternity” (Against Heresies, 180 AD).
Clement (c. 150 - 216 A.D.) - said:
“Calling her children about her, she [the Church] nourishes them with holy milk, that is, with the Infant Word…The Word is everything to a child: both Father and Mother, both Instructor and Nurse. “Eat my Flesh,” He says, “and drink my Blood.” The Lord supplies us with these intimate nutriments. He delivers over His Flesh, and pours out His Blood; and nothing is lacking for the growth of His children. O incredible mystery!” (Instructor of Children 1:6:42,1,3)
If the Eucharist were only a symbol Clement would not have deemed it an “incredible mystery.” Justin’s words need no further explanation. Irenaeus goes on to say that upon receiving the invocation of God, the bread is no longer common bread but the Eucharist.
Irenaeus of Lyons 2nd Century - 202 A.D. - said:
“For as the bread from the earth, receiving the invocation of God, is no longer common bread but the Eucharist, consisting of two elements, earthly and heavenly, so also our bodies, when they receive the Eucharist, are no longer corruptible but have the hope of resurrection into eternity” (Against Heresies, 180 AD).
Clement (c. 150 - 216 A.D.) - said:
“But we are God-taught, and glory in the name of Christ. How then are we not to regard the apostle as attaching this sense to the milk of the babes? And if we who preside over the Churches are shepherds after the image of the good Shepherd, and you the sheep, are we not to regard the Lord as preserving consistency in the use of figurative speech, when He speaks also of the milk of the flock?… Elsewhere the Lord, in the Gospel according to John, brought this out by symbols, when He said: “Eat ye my flesh, and drink my blood; ” describing distinctly by metaphor the drinkable properties of faith and the promise, by means of which the Church, like a human being consisting of many members, is refreshed and grows, is welded together and compacted of both,–of faith, which is the body, and of hope, which is the soul; as also the Lord of flesh and blood. For in reality the blood of faith is hope, in which faith is held as by a vital principle.”
No symbolism in the words of Irenaeus. Here, we see Clement contradicting himself as well as his predecessors, if in fact you are right. Perhaps his use of symbol is different than the protestant use of symbol, otherwise he is teaching something contradictory to what his predecessors taught.
Irenaeus of Lyons 2nd Century - 202 A.D. - said:
"So then, if the mixed cup and the manufactured bread receive the Word of God and become the Eucharist, that is to say, the Blood and Body of Christ, which fortify and build up the substance of our flesh, how can these people claim that the flesh is incapable of receiving God’s gift of eternal life, when it is nourished by Christ’s Blood and Body and is His member? As the blessed apostle says in his letter to the Ephesians, ‘For we are members of His Body, of His flesh and of His bones’ (Eph. 5:30).
Clement (c. 150 - 216 A.D.) - said:
“Thus in many ways the Word is figuratively described, as meat, and flesh, and food, and bread, and blood, and milk. The Lord is all these, to give enjoyment to us who have believed on Him. Let no one then think it strange, when we say that the Lord’s blood is figuratively represented as milk. For is it not figuratively represented as wine? “Who washes,” it is said, “His garment in wine, His robe in the blood of the grape.” In His Own Spirit He says He will deck the body of the Word; as certainly by His own Spirit He will nourish those who hunger for the Word.”
Irenaeus says that they receive the body and blood of Christ and that we are nourished by Christ’s Blood and Body. Clement goes on to say: is not Jesus’ blood figuratively represented as wine? Is he contradicting the others and himself by teaching that the bread and wine are mere symbols and not a genuine sacrifice which he teaches in other places?
Continued…