Nidaros seized to be an archdiocese in 1537, when Olav Engelbrektsson was forced out. Tor Singsaas is the bishop of the diocese (not archdiocese) of Nidaros, while the presiding bishop is
Helga Haugland Byfuglien (who doesn’t have the same amount of power as the presiding bishop of the Episcopal Church or the Archbishop of Canterbury, to the extent they have any real power).
Yes, but as I said, it is codified in our Church Law. The bishops have to agree to this. We are a national Church, the ELCA is not in the same sense. There is no established Church in the US. We see the same in England, which is also an established Church.
The Church of Sweden is a bit different, for many reasons, three of which are important here:
*]Sweden have (as I’ve been told by some Swedish friends) an extremely conformist culture. They are pluralistic, sure, but not when it comes to ideas and cultural norms. Norway is much more pluralistic, and we also have a culture that doesn’t like confrontation.
*]The Church of Sweden is no longer established in the same way as it is in Norway, Denmark, and England, and thus it doesn’t need to accommodate in the same way.
*]The Church of Sweden has, since its disestablishment, somewhat ironically, become extremely politicised. The parish and diocesan councils are elected, and since the political parties of Sweden didn’t like that it became disestablished, they went into these councils. They were very open about it, and now you get, for instance, a person in a diocesan council who actively represents his or her political party. So someone can get elected to a parish or diocesan council as a representative of, say, the Swedish Social Democratic Party, the Moderate Party, or the Christian Democrats.