Anthrogirl #225
Papal infallibility is a relatively new concept, finding its way into acceptance in 1870, as part of the first Vatican Council. It was hotly contested during discussions at the council and did not sit well with many Catholic religious and lay persons. The council outlined conditions which must be met for something to be considered infallible. And strangely enough, it made it retroactive.
The Council of Constance (1414-18), in its fourth and fifth sessions, declared for the superiority of council over Pope. However, these decisions never received papal approbation.
The doctrine of Papal infallibility is found in Scripture (Mt 16:17-19; Jn 21: 15-17; Mt 28:19-20; 1 Tim 3:15), and for the final proposed definition of Vatican I there were 471 bishops for and 130 against; more than two-thirds bishops for. Sixty-six bishops then returned to their dioceses before the Public Session, but all eventually declared full acceptance of the defined doctrine. [See Dr Leslie Rumble, *Questions People Ask, Chevalier, 1975, p 159].
As in the dogma of the Assumption, dogmas and doctrines are defined when the Church sees that the time has come.
The understanding of papal infallibility was stated as a dogma when challenged by Gallicanism – the conciliarist theory lived on for hundreds of years. Conciliarism was formally condemned by the First Vatican Council (1869-70), which defined papal primacy, declaring that the Pope had "full and supreme jurisdiction over the universal Church, not only in things which belong to faith and morals, but also in those which relate to the discipline and government of the Church spread throughout the world.”
With regard to both Popes and Councils it is the infallibility of the Church which is actually the decisive factor, the definition of Vatican I is very precise on this point and it uses very tightly constructed language. The doctrine must be of faith or morals and must be proposed as divinely revealed and to be held as such by all the faithful.
In more recent times, Conciliarism has been renewed by those who appeal to a “magisterium of theologians” or “consensus of the people of God” against ordinary or even solemn teachings of the popes. (Etym. Latin
concilium, council, assembly for consultation.)
Modern Catholic Dictionary by Fr. John A. Hardon, S.J.
therealpresence.org/cgi-bin/getdefinition.pl
Gallicanism became Conciliarism after the Great Western Schism, claiming the superiority of council over the Pope, and promoted by John Gerson (1363-1429) and Peter d’Ailly (1350-1420). The French Revolution drove the bishops into the arms of the Pope and dealt a mortal blow to Gallicanism, but the basic idea was still alive until the First Vatican Council formally condemned it in 1870.
Also:
catholicculture.org/cult…x.cfm?id=33692