Anna:
I have been taught that we should look at all of scripture from four different senses, the literal (what do the words say), the allegorical (how does it relate to Christ), the moral (what does it mean to my life, personally) and anagogical (its eternal significance). This is the basic formula involved in interpretation from a Catholic perspective.
From the Catechism (par 117):
“The literal sense is the meaning conveyed by the words of scripture and discovered by exegesis, following the rules of of sound interpretation: ‘All other senses of Sacred Scripture are based on the literal.’”
“The allegorical sense. We can acquire a more profound understanding of events by recognizing their significance in Christ; thus the crossing of the Red Sea is a sign or type of Christ’s victory and also of Christian Baptism”
“The moral sense. The events reported in Scripture ought to lead us to act justly. As St. Paul says, they were written ‘for our instruction.’”
“The anagogical sense. (Greek: anagoge, “leading”) We can view realitites and events in terms of their significance, leading us toward our true homeland: thus the Church on earth is a sign of the heavenly Jerusalem.” (CCC p. 33, par. 117)
Hope this helps. It has really helped me in studying scripture.
God bless.