Why does God create those humans that He knows will end up in Hell?

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when I say that God exists outside of time and space, I mean that He is not confined by them because He created them. He can choose to be present in it or not, but He is not bound by laws of any kind.

God does not create people to go to hell, He creates and our choices send us to hell.
 
God is a perfect parent. He loves everyone perfectly. Every person, no matter how reprehensible their actions, was willed lovingly into being by God. We as mere mortals can become parents and experience something of this love for our “creations”. However, we are imperfect. How many of us, if we knew our children would turn completely against us and torture us to death on a cross, would still permit them to live? Most of us wouldn’t. But God did. He loves all of us so much that even though we rejected the Paradise He gave us and crucified Him with our continual turning against Him, He still let us come into existence. He knew we would hurt Him, and He still let us be born. When we choose Hell, it is only after God has given us multiple chances to choose Him and shown us how we could only be happy loving our Creator. We can rest assured that those who choose Hell are not damned by an angry vengeful God, but lovingly allowed to continue existing in the manner they have chosen, service to self and sin. Try reading Frank J. Sheed’s Theology for Beginner’s chapter on the topic. It’ll scare the poop out of you, but it’ll really clarify the subject. It’s unfortunate that so many people have used the “Hellfire and Damnation” threat irresponsibly to frighten people into good behavior. Some people need to be scared straight, but the down side is that some people just come away doubtful that this big talk could be true. And it’s not the most accurate way of putting it. I guess, though, you lose some impact when you speak of God lovingly allowing someone to exist in Hell. Hmm. Anyway, just read the book. 👍
 
Donald45 said
As you’re no doubt aware, any informed Catholic would be unable to accept Open Theism as a valid doctrine of God.
No, I am not aware of that and neither are the priests who are Open Theists. Apparently, we know something about catholic tradition that you do not.

you asserted
This, as you write, “Neoplatonic rationalism” is thought by OT’s to have entered the Church through St. Augustine, so that within five centuries, the faith had become largely corrupt.
Its a fact that Augustine allowed his neoplatonism to triumph over what Scripture revealed about God. This is demonstrated in his own writings. All church historians and others very familiar with the church fathers writings recognize that Augustine’s pagan philosophy greatly influenced his interpretation of Scripture. I’ll post the quotes that show Augustine giving authority to his philosophy over what is revealed in Scripture later on.

you claimed
Of course, this claim is radically contradicted by the Church’s consistent two-thousand year doctrine of dogmatic authority.
Let me see if I understand you correctly here. You are claiming that there is a 2,000 year history of dogmatic statements which say “God is timeless” and that “God’s knowledge of the future consists of totally settled realities”? Is that right? If so, then I am sure that you can demonstrate that, but I won’t hold my breath.

you go on
In Catholicism, doctrinal authority resides in Scripture and Tradition as articulated by the bishops in union with the Pope (the bishop of Rome).
Specific papal statements concerning the content of the future that God knows and God’s experience of time does not come to mind. Neither does any ex cathedra teaching. Perhaps you can share a few, since you claim there is a 2,000 year history of dogmatic statements concerning God’s experience of existance/duration/sequence/, i.e. time.

you claimed
It does not rest with twentieth-century Neo-Protestants who decide to interpret the Bible according to their own a priori philosophical ideas and assumptions (note that the first systematic treatment on OT was published in 1994). Clearly, OT is a recently-devised theological novelty.
Your attack on Open Theism could just as easily be applied to Molinism (developed by Luis de Molina in the 16th century) or Thomism (developed by Thomas Aquinas in the 13th century) or Anselm’s ontological argument (the 11th century) or even against Augustine himself (the 4th century). A person could have used the same argument, saying, “Augustine/Anselm/Aquinas/Molina! Its been a good 300/1000/1200/1500 years since “the orthodox faith” was given and received! You have no need to write anything or try to explain what God is like! As if you could contribute to the teaching and belief of the church in some way with your recently-devised theological novelty, how arrogant!! Our views were all messed up until you came along and set us straight…harumph!”

you continue on believing incorrectly that there is only one unified tradition in the history of the church on all views
For Catholics, OT’s rejection of the unanimous teaching of the early Church Fathers (from Augustine onward), and of the Catholic doctrinal Tradition in general, concerning the nature and attributes of God automatically places it outside the bounds of a genuine (that is, an historically-based) Christian theology.
If that is the case, then why does every philosophical group that has considered the Open View disagreed with you? If what you are saying is true, then the Evangelical Theological Society should have condemned Open Theism. It did not. The Orthodox philosophers would have done the same. But, they did not do so either. I guess they need you to come along and show them and the catholic bishops that the Open View is outside the bounds of “genuine Christian theology”.

you go on
Historically speaking, OT is a speculative and innovative Protestant novelty, which is itself rejected by the vast majority of even Protestant theologians.
That you continue to speak as if you know what you are talking about is a concern. Because you don’t know what you are talking about. There are many who do not hold to the open view, but they are extremely close to holding the view. This includes anyone that is an Arminian or a Free-Will Theist of varying varieties. Even Calvinists today reject “timelessness”.
 
…continued

you said
It is in no way bound to the historic teachings of the Christian Church, nor does it submit itself to the Church’s 2,000-year-old doctrinal Tradition which has been believed “everywhere, always, and by all.”
Open Theism is a development of one of the traditions of the church. There are traditions, not one monolithic tradition that is believed “Everywhere, always, and by all”. You are showing that you are woefully ignorant of historical theology by talking this way.

you claimed
OT is therefore not a legitimate theological option for Catholics. It is a relatively recent theological movement within Protestantism that seeks to re-define God’s traditional attributes (that is, his omniscience, omnipotence, etc.) in new and decidedly non-traditional ways.
It defines God’s attributes according to what has been revealed in Scripture primarily. When Scripture says that God will not be in Hell, we believe it. When Scripture says that God repented or changed His mind or will choose to forget past sins, we believe it. When Scripture says that God thought perhaps or said it may be, we believe that He said/thought that. We do not say “we know the passage says that, but we know that cannot be true of God due to reason” as you do. And that is exactly what you say in a roundabout way.

you said
As a theological model, and when considered in light of Catholic doctrine, OT fails as a properly Christian view of God.
You think so, eh? If that is so, then demonstrate it. Your claiming it is so does not make it so. It is a fact that a core belief of the open view is that God has freely decided to be, for some things, conditioned (affected) by his creatures. God has established things in such a way that some things God desires may not happen. For example, God wants all to experience the divine love but we can refuse it. Hence, we affirm that God does not control every single thing which happens in history. In this, we are in agreement with virtually all the fathers prior to Augustine, the Eastern Orthodox Church, many thinkers of the Middle Ages, Arminians, Wesleyans, the majority of Pentecostals, etc.
 
Open Theist requests:
]Let me see if I understand you correctly here. You are claiming that there is a 2,000 year history of dogmatic statements which say “God is timeless” and that “God’s knowledge of the future consists of totally settled realities”? Is that right? If so, then I am sure that you can demonstrate that, but I won’t hold my breath
.

I think it is fair to say that the Catechism of the Catholic Church is representative of the “2000 year history of dogmatic statements”. Here are three claiming God’s timelessness and His knowledge of the future as totally settled realities.

To God, all moments of time are present in their immediacy. When therefore he establishes his eternal plan of “predestination,” he includes in it each person’s free response to his grace: “In this city, in fact, both Herod and Pontius Pilate, with the Gentiles and the peoples of Israel, gathered together against your holy servant Jesus, whom you anointed, to do whatever your hand and your plan had predestined to take place.” For the sake of accomplishing his plan of salvation, God permitted the acts that flowed from their blindness. CCC 600

“God sent forth his Son,” but to prepare a body for him, he wanted the free cooperation of a creature. For this, from all eternity God chose for the mother of his Son a daughter of Israel, a young Jewish woman of Nazareth in Galilee, “a virgin betrothed to a man whose name was Joseph, of the house of David; and the virgin’s name was Mary”:

The Father of mercies willed that the Incarnation should be preceded by assent on the part of the predestined mother, so that just as a woman had a share in the coming of death, so also should a woman contribute to the coming of life. CCC 488

By his providence God protects and governs all things which he has made, “reaching mightily from one end of the earth to the other, and ordering all things well.” For “all are open and laid bare to his eyes,” even those things which are yet to come into existence through the free action of creatures. Vatican Council I, Dei Filius 1: DS 3003; cf. Wis 8:1; Heb 4:13.
 
Open Theist states:
No, I am not aware of that and neither are the priests who are Open Theists. Apparently, we know something about catholic tradition that you do not.
Being a priest does not automatically qualify one as an expert on the Catholic Church so this does nothing to bolster your claims. Please respond to the authentic Catholic teaching as presented in the Catechism.
 
Open Theist concludes:
In this, we are in agreement with virtually all the fathers prior to Augustine, the Eastern Orthodox Church, many thinkers of the Middle Ages, Arminians, Wesleyans, the majority of Pentecostals, etc.
This is quite an unsubstantiated claim given that open theism is not in agreement with the 2000 year history of the Catholic Church nor does it seem to pass muster with some very prominent leaders of the “sola scriptura” crowd as evidenced below:

“Open theism…dishonors God, distorts Scripture, damages faith, and would, if left unchecked, destroy churches and lives.”
-John Piper
Pastor for Preaching at Bethlehem Baptist Church in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Degrees from Fuller Theological Seminary (B.D.) and the University of Munich (D.theol.). For six years he taught Biblical Studies at Bethel College in St. Paul, Minnesota, and in 1980 accepted the call to serve as pastor at Bethlehem. John is the author of more than 20 books and his preaching and teaching is featured on the daily radio program Desiring God.


“Presenting itself as a legitimate variant within evangelicalism, ‘open’ theism in reality so redefines the God of the Bible and of theology that we wind up with a quite different God.”
-D.A. Carson
Research professor of New Testament at Trinity Evangelical Divinity School in Deerfield, Illinois. He has been at Trinity since 1978. Dr. Carson received the Bachelor of Science in chemistry from McGill University, the Master of Divinity from Central Baptist Seminary, and the Doctor of Philosophy in New Testament from Cambridge University.


“As a result (of open theism), God is left to decide and to act in this world according to what He thinks is most likely to occur. Because He is sometimes mistaken about what He thought would happen, however, God occasionally finds Himself regretting a decision and resorting to Plan B. In this way, God learns from historical events as they occur and actually changes His mind and His plans in response to them. This, say open theists, allows God to have a genuine and authentic relationship with mankind. Voltaire once said that ever since God created man in His own image, man has been trying to return the favor. Open theism is simply the latest manifestation of this idolatrous phenomenon.”
-Cutting it Straight, A Publication of Grace Communtiy Church, Sun Valley California, 11/28/2001

“Guess what? There is a new old heresy in the Church. Surprise, surprise! It would appear that the enemies of Truth never sleep. The heresy is known as “open theism.” Open theism, also called “openness” and “the open view,” is a theology that deals with human free will and its relationship to God in regards to the future.”
-Ted Haggard, President, National Association of Evangelicals
 
Reply to TheOpenTheist, Posts #43 & 44:

My basic purpose in posting the comments you responded to was simply to offer Catholic readers a word of caution concerning Open Theism (OT) as a view of God. This is a Catholic forum (though non-Catholics are welcome), and those Catholics who may not be familiar with OT should be aware of its decidedly un-Catholic nature. The fact that a few Catholics have adopted the OT approach is irrelevant, since whatever theological view any Catholic might attempt to affirm must be held to the standard of Catholic orthodoxy expressed in the Church’s long doctrinal Tradition, which has come from the Apostles, through their successors (the bishops), down to our own day. It is this “Deposit of Faith” (i.e., Apostolic Doctrine) to which all supposed theological truth must be compared, as John the Apostle stated: “We [the Apostles] belong to God, and anyone who knows God listens to us [the Apostles], while anyone who does not belong to God refuses to hear us [the Apostles]. This is how we know the spirit of truth and the spirit of deceit” (1 Jn. 4:6).

That having been said, please note that my comments were addressed to the the basic approach and theological content of OT, and not to you personally. You, on the other hand, have chosen to engage in a regrettable form of ad hominem argumentation focused on me as a person:

“I guess they need you to come along and show them and the catholic bishops that the Open View is outside the bounds of ‘genuine Christian theology’… That you continue to speak as if you know what you are talking about is a concern. Because you don’t know what you are talking about… …you are woefully ignorant…”

Sarcasm and ridicule simply detract from one’s argument, making it less convincing to the reader, and doing far more harm than good. Employing the ad hominem fallacy in order to bolster one’s position merely reveals the inherent weakness of that position. Such an approach smacks of desperation and defensiveness, neither of which would be necessary if one’s argument were actually valid.

I intend to speak directly to the content of your posts at a later date (no time at the moment), but wished to address the intrinsic flaw in adopting an ad hominem approach to theological discourse. I’d definitely appreciate it if you’d reconsider such a tack in the future. Thanks.

Truly,
Don
 
Because Love unites, and God loves you so much that He is willing to lose some, to gain the true love that many have. If we did not have free will to love our creator then what kind of love would that be, far less significant to me.

I think we have the wrong idea of Hell. Hell is the perminent seperation from God. Those who are in Hell chose to be there, by there own free will.

Can you imagine what God must feel like when one of his creations did not love him, did not know him? If your son and daughter, that you raised and loved. Left home one day, and they did not love you, they did not acknowledge you, knowing this would you have decided long time ago to have no children at all?

Gods ultimate commandment is to love, his laws are not impossible, but some saddly make it so. We are given confession to confess our sins, things that went against our teachings or ultimatley your own conscience. God is a just judge, he set a law that isnt impossible to follow, and even after this life some will have purgatory to work things out, so who is in hell? If you even make that assumption than you have judged, which is a sin.
 
Actually, cynic’s objection has not been fully addressed, that is, we cannot even completely understand and reconcile man’s freedom with God’s soveriegnty, as the following question that I asked on EWTN shows here. That is, as cynic points out, we as creatures have no control over the fact that we pass through successive states of existence. In other words, we do not ontologically create our successive states of existence, for God must, in some sense, cooperate in bringing the state into existence Himself. However, Catholics must concede that, in some way, God gives us the power to make of the state what we will. Ott discusses that the precise nature of how the Mode of the Cooperation between the Causa Prima (God) and the Causa Secundae (Creatures) works is debated between Thomists and Molinists. In other words, as the above EWTN Q shows, even free will is still a mystery.

For Open Theist, as far as the idea that there is no evidence for God’s timelessness and unlimited knowledge, it would appear this is false. Here is just a sampling of several related dogmas from Ott:

I. God Possesse an infinite power of cognition. (De Fide)
II. God is absolutely immutable. (De Fide)
III. God is eternal. (De Fide)
IV. God’s Knowledge is infinite. (De Fide)
V. God knows all that is merely possible by the knowledge of simple intelligence. (De Fide)
VI. God knows all things in the past, present and the future. (De Fide)
VII. By the knowledge of vision, God also forsees the future free acts of the rational creatures with infallible certainty. (De Fide)
VIII. God also knows the conditioned future free actions with infallible certainty (Sent. communis.)

There are more, I believe, but these will suffice.

Also for Open Theist, about the Scriptures which portray God as “changing his mind,” they need proper interpretation. For example, “And God hardened Pharoe’s heart,” yet, unless you are an ultimate Calvinist, we would not take this to mean that God literally and directly caused Pharoe to sin. Rather, God withheld the grace that would’ve enabled Pharoe to repent, in order to teach Him a lesson.

GB, scott
 
Response to TheOpenTheist, Posts 43 & 44:

While Breton makes several valid points in Posts 40, 45, 46, and 47, I’d like to address a few of your comments, each in turn. To follow the prescribed word limit, I’ll need to break my reply up over a few posts. Let’s consider, then, what you’ve written:

"You are claiming that there is a 2,000 year history of dogmatic statements which say ‘God is timeless’ and that ‘God’s knowledge of the future consists of totally settled realities’?" Among other things, yes. Perhaps we should begin with a brief explanation of the Church’s teaching on Tradition. In Catholic thought, Tradition is another term for what we also refer to as “the Deposit of Faith,” that irreformable doctrine handed on from Christ and his apostles, through the bishops and fathers of the Church, down to our own day. While this is a dynamic, growing Tradition—i.e., we progress in our understanding and articulation of its truths—we recognize that what is seen in a fuller form in the present (for example, in a precisely-articulated doctrine of the Trinity, which wasn’r formally developed until the 4th century) was also present in seminal form in Christ’s own teaching, and even in that of the Old Testament. So there is a theological continuity throughout Catholic Tradition, from its beginning to our own day. In this sense, then, I’d answer ‘yes’ to your question. God’s attributes are indeed contained in the doctrinal content of Sacred Tradition, from the start of the Church, throughout Christian history, to the present.

Let’s again take the Trinity as an example. Since, in the sense given above, doctrine “develops” in the Catholic Church (though it never changes or ceases to mean what it once did), the First Council of Nicaea (325 AD) saw fit to authoritatively define as dogma the doctrine of the Trinity. Does this mean that this view of God did not exist in the Church prior to the 4th century? Certainly not. Though it was more precisely defined at this later time, the Trinity was clearly taught (though in a simpler form) from the very beginning of the Church. Now, how might this apply to the Open Theism question? Open Theism (OT) postulates a doctrinal-historical break between the pre-Augustinian Church Fathers and St. Augustine himself, based on the assumption that Augustine was unduly influenced by Neo-Platonic philosophy. Yet, given the view of doctrinal development outlined above, Augustine was no more “corrupted” by Greek thought than was St. Paul by the pagan religious ideas of his own day, many of which are recognizable (though re-defined in a decidedly Christian way) in his canonical writings. Similarly, neither was St. Thomas Aquinas “polluted” by Aristotelianism in the development of his theology (his Summa Theologica, by the way, quotes copiously from the writings of Augustine). In fact, Augustine’s basic theology, as well as that of the Fathers who came after him, represents a development, rather than a corruption, of Christian doctrine. Its seeds can be found in the early doctrinal history of the Church. And it can no more be legitimately dismissed by OT-ists than can be a Trinitarian view of God’s nature, or countless other beliefs reflected in the Church’s theological Tradition. (Note the irony in OT’s complaint that the traditional view of God is supposedly “corrupted” by Greek philosophy, given that OT’s own rejection of the traditional view is itself based upon theories borrowed from a Greek thinker, Aristotle.)

Now, this is not to say that every single idea expressed by a particular Church father (pre- or post-Augustine alike) was necessarily orthodox. Now and then, a Father would come up with an objectionable concept (Origen comes to mind). But when there was a general consensus among the Fathers of the early Church—what Catholicism refers to as “the unanimous consent of the Fathers”— then the teaching reflected in this general consensus was to be considered doctrinally orthodox and binding on all Catholics. How did the Nicaean Fathers determine the orthodoxy of the Trinitarian view of God? By the fact that the early Church prior to Nicaea consented unanimously to that teaching. And now, when Jehovah’s Witnesses, Mormons, Oneness Pentecostals, and other aberrant religious groups claim that the Catholic Church “invented” the doctrine of the Trinity in the 4th century, we recognize their error and reject it. It is the same, then, with OT’s suggestion that the traditional attributes of God were “invented” by St. Augustine and later Fathers enamored with Greek philosophy. OT is simply another historical-doctrinal novelty attempting to redefine the content of orthodoxy and introduce certain philosophically-based theological innovations into “the faith that was once for all handed down to the holy ones” (Jude 3).

[Continued below…]
 
Response to TheOpenTheist, Posts 43 & 44 (Continued):

"Specific papal statements concerning the content of the future that God knows and God’s experience of time…perhaps you can share a few…" First of all, a statement doesn’t have to come directly from the Pope in order to be considered dogmatically binding. Official pronouncements by Church Councils, doctrinal decrees issued through the bishops collectively, etc. may also hold the status of binding orthodoxy. Let me offer just a few such statements concerning the Church’s doctrine of God:

On divine omniscience:

“He knows all things beforehand, and He is acquainted with what is in our hearts.” ~ Second Clement, (150 AD)

“He foreknows that some are to be saved by repentance *, some even that are perhaps not yet born.” ~ Justin Martyr (160 AD)

“The power of the Logos has in itself a faculty to foresee future events. Yet, these events are not fated, but take place by the choice of free agents.” ~ Tatian (160 AD)

“He knows hidden things, and He knows all things before they come to pass.” ~ Irenaeus 180 AD)

“God is fully acquainted with whatever is about to take place [including future free acts], for He has foreknowledge.” ~ Hippolytus (225 (AD)

[Clearly, in the beliefs of the early Church, God’s “omniscience” includes the future free choices of men, as well as events that have not yet taken place in history. Note also that all of these statements are pre-Augustine.]

Conciliar Statements:

“We faithfully hold that ‘God foreknows and has foreknown eternally both the good deeds which good men will do, and the evil which evil men will do’ [future free acts], because we have that word of Scripture which says: ‘Eternal God, who are the witness of all things hidden, who knew all things before they are’ [Dan.13:42]… …what that one [man] would be from his own will…He foreknew from His omnipotent and immutable Majesty.” ~ Council of Valence (855 AD)

“But God protects and governs by His providence all things which He created, ‘reaching from end to end mightily and ordering all things sweetly’ [Wisdom 8:1]. For ‘all things are naked and open to His eyes’ [Heb.4:13], even those which by the free action of creatures are in the future.” ~ First Vatican Council (1870) [The Church’s position could hardly be clearer.]

You asked for Papal statements. Consider the words of Pope Pius XII:

“It is not strange that such innovations, as far as pertains to almost all branches of theology, have already produced poisonous fruit… Eternal and infallible *foreknowledge of the free actions of men *is likewise denied to God; all of which, indeed, are opposed to the declarations of the Vatican Council.” ~ Pius XII, Humani generis (1950)

[Note, then, the theological continuity from the earliest Church Fathers throughout Christian history to our own day. I’ve only offered a few quotations from Catholic sources. The statements given here could obviously be multiplied significantly.]

[Continued below…]
 
Response to TheOpenTheist, Posts 43 & 44 (Continued):

On God & time:

“God always was, and is, and will be; or better, He always is. Was and will be are portions of time as we reckon it, and are of a changing nature. He, however, is ever existing…” ~ St. Gregory of Nazianz (383 AD) [This ties together God’s immutablity with his eternality.]

“Eternity itself is the substance of God, which has nothing that is changeable. There is nothing there that is past, as if it were no longer; nothing there is future, as if it not yet were. There is nothing there except ‘is’.” ~ St. Augustine (392 AD) [Note that Augustine’s doctrine simply reflects and builds upon that of earlier Fathers, such as St. Gregory quoted above.]

“…one God, Lord and Creator of all things, eternal, almighty and good, of whose nature it is to exist always and never to be able to be changed.” ~ St. Fulgence of Ruspe (523 AD)

“He is the God who, from beyond space and time, can do this and wills to do it, the God who will put his almighty power to work for this plan… To God, all moments of time are present in their immediacy. When therefore he establishes his eternal plan of ‘predestination,’ he includes in it each person’s free response to his grace…” ~ Catechism of the Catholic Church (# 205; 600)

In Catholic thought, God’s relationship to time is understood in light of his essential attributes, of his immutability in particular. This is reflected in the quotes recorded above. Now let’s return to your posted statements:

"Molina…Thomas Aquinas…Anselm…Augustine…" Of course, all of these theologians are Catholic (unlike Pinnock, Boyd, Sanders, etc.) and, as Catholics, we are to consider their ideas within the overarching historical-doctrinal Tradition of the Church to which we are all theologically accountable (after all, the “Church” didn’t begin with Billy Graham!😉 ). Since OT departs from that Traditional understanding of God held by Christians throughout Church history, it must to that extent be considered incompatible with Christian orthodoxy.

"There are traditions, not one monolithic tradition that is believed ‘everywhere, always, and by all’." In one sense, this is true, at least when applied to “Christendom” from around 1517 to the present. Up until the Protestant Reformation, there were no competing Christian “traditions,” rather there was only the one apostolic Tradition handed down from Christ and the Apostles. There was but one “Church,” and “Apostolic Tradition” and “Catholic Tradition” meant precisely the same thing. With the Reformation came a fracturing of Christendom into ever more disparate religious groups and sects, so that today the number is somewhere around 35,000 Protestant denominations and groups. So, yes, in this sense one can say that there are multiplied hundreds of Protestant traditions throughout Christendom.

[Continued below…]
 
Response to TheOpenTheist, Posts 43 & 44 (Continued):

What this fracturing of Christendom left to the Protestant movement was merely countless fragments of the one Deposit of Faith originally (and still) present in the Catholic Church. And these fragments, sadly, have inevitably been combined with a great deal of falsehood and untruth, resulting in a virtual chaos of competing and mutually exclusive Protestant doctrinal traditions. Yet, this original Apostolic Tradition remains, undiluted and in its fullness, within the historic Christian Faith, that Church established by Christ himself—the Catholic Church. So, this is what I’m referring to when I speak of the historic doctrinal Tradition that is believed “everywhere, always, and by all” (this last is a quotation from the early Church Fathers).

"[Open Theism] defines God’s attributes according to what has been revealed in Scripture primarily." Then again, this is the identical claim made by all 35,000 Protestant denominations and sects in an attempt to support their particular theologies. Each of them seeks to establish its own preferred doctrines with the claim that “We have the biblical truth, ours is the correct interpretation of Scripture!” This sola Scriptura (“Scripture alone”) approach to doctrinal formation, along with its hermeneutic of private interpretation, is the methodological cornerstone of Protestantism. (If, as your profile states, you’re truly “orthodox leaning,” you’ll be encouraged to abandon such an approach without delay, that is, if you intend to “lean” much further.) From a Catholic perspective, of course, the Bible was never intended to function as the sole standard of belief and behavior for Christians. And attempting to force it into such a distorted role, as Protestantism is wont to do, has resulted in the hopelessly confused state of doctrinal anarchy reflected in the Protestant movement throughout its history. Open Theism, from this standpoint, is yet another faddish theological novelty in a vast panoply of such fragmented Protestant innovations. When compared with the historic doctrinal Tradition of the Church, it fails as a proper view of the Christian God.

"When Scripture says…[such and such]…we believe it."** As interpreted by whom? Clark Pinnock? Greg Boyd? William Hasker? TheOpenTheist? According to the Catechism of the Catholic Church, “The task of giving an authentic interpretation of the Word of God, whether in its written form or in the form of Tradition, has been entrusted to the living, teaching office of the Church alone. Its authority in this matter is exercised in the name of Jesus Christ. This means that the task of interpretation has been entrusted to the bishops in communion with the succesor of Peter, the Bishop of Rome… The task of interpreting the Word of God authentically has been entrusted to the Magisterium of the Church, that is, to the Pope and to the bishops in communion with him” (# 85; 100). This is not to say that individual Catholics do not study and interpret the Bible for themselves, only that their exegesis is to be guided and framed by the authentic teaching Tradition of Christ’s Church. When this principle is followed, OT cannot be maintained as a “Catholic” concept of God.

[Continued below…]
 
Response to TheOpenTheist, Posts 43 & 44 (Continued):

"…we affirm that God does not control every single thing which happens in history. In this we are in agreement with virtually all the fathers prior to Augustine…" Consider the following pre-Augustinian statements, all of which contradict your claim:

“Accept as a blessing all of the things that befall you. For nothing comes to pass apart from God.” ~ Didache (80 AD)

“…for He exercises a providence over all things and arranges the affairs of our world… God rules over men and Satan too. In fact, without the will of our Father in heaven not even a sparrow falls to the ground… The will and energy of God is the effective and foreseeing cause of every time, place, and age…” ~ St. Irenaeus (180 AD)

“We should not think that such an inexhaustible providence of God does not reach to even the very least of things… Since He embraces all things and contains all things… His care consequently extends to every single thing.” ~ Novatian (235 AD)

Once again, examples could be greatly multipled. Now, it could be that when you say that “God does not control every single thing,” you are seeking to protect human free will, and are acknowledging that God’s will sometimes involves his “permitting” certain events, as opposed to God causing them directly. In other words, perhaps your statement is intended to allow for God’s use of secondary causes. With this Catholics will wholeheartedly agree. Yet, in a real sense, whether by primary or secondary causality, whether directly or indirectly, God does indeed “control every single thing which happens in history.” Thus, the contemporary Open Theist redefinition of omniscience drastically shortchanges the orthodox Christian doctrine of God, and is therefore unacceptble within a properly Catholic theology.

I realize that we’ve somehow gone rather far afield of the actual focus of this thread, but it seemed prudent to at least let Catholic readers know (those who aren’t aware of it already) that Open Theism is a belief system which should give pause to any, indeed every, pious and thoughtful Catholic.

God bless,
Don
 
if God is as described above (in non biblical referneces I might add) then whats the point in the conversation? Everything we wil say, do and think is already in existence, there’s no ‘changing’ anything that wasn’t already going to change. Where is the meaning?
 
Breton said
I think it is fair to say that the Catechism of the Catholic Church is representative of the “2000 year history of dogmatic statements”. Here are three claiming God’s timelessness and His knowledge of the future as totally settled realities.
Your statement here assumes that there is unanimous agreement concerning the statements in these references for the past 2000 years. There is not unanimous agreement and still isn’t.

you referenced the catechism which states
To God, all moments of time are present in their immediacy.
That statement is absloute rubbish and contradicted on every page of Scripture. Have you thought about what this statement says about God? Is humanity still sinless in the Garden of Eden for God? Is Christ still “sin” (2 Cor 5:21) dying on the cross? Are the moments when Christ had died still present to God or have they passed? Is Christ both in the grave and seated at the right hand of the Father? I agree with Scripture which says that Christ is currently seated at the right hand of the Father and not lying in a tomb dead.
There is ONE unified present moment that all of creation along with God is experiencing right now. Niether God nor us are in the past or the future, only the present moment.
you continue quoting the catechism
When therefore he establishes his eternal plan of “predestination,” he includes in it each person’s free response to his grace
:

If God has predestined that you will drive your car off of the road on Nov 25 reutrning home from Thanksgivng with the fam and you die and go to Hell then you had no other choice but to do every action that came to that conclusion. If God has determined that you must die that way at that time and go to Hell forever, then you are in no way free to do anything different and you are also not a person capable of choosing between life and death, good and evil and all of the small choices within those major categories.

you go on quoting Scripture (finally!)
“In this city, in fact, both Herod and Pontius Pilate, with the Gentiles and the peoples of Israel, gathered together against your holy servant Jesus, whom you anointed, to do whatever your hand and your plan had predestined to take place.” For the sake of accomplishing his plan of salvation, God permitted the acts that flowed from their blindness. CCC 600
Its not that God permitted what occured. Its that God incorporated the undetermined and free rebellious choices of those in Israel into His plan of salvation. None of those individuals had to do evil, because God does not want anyone to commit evil and be lost (1 Tim 2:3-7; 2 Pet 3:9). And God does not do evil so that good may come, otherwise He would be telling us to be holier than He is which is impossible (Rom 3:8; 1 Pet 1:16). Woe to those who call evil good and good evil (Is 8:20.)

you said
“God sent forth his Son,” but to prepare a body for him, he wanted the free cooperation of a creature. For this, from all eternity God chose for the mother of his Son a daughter of Israel, a young Jewish woman of Nazareth in Galilee, “a virgin betrothed to a man whose name was Joseph, of the house of David; and the virgin’s name was Mary”:
This claim is nowhere supported through Scripture or reason or anything else and is pure conjecture. God did not need to know that He would specificly pick Mary at the time He decided to become incarnate in order to bring about His will. God could just as easily have borught about His will through another woman and done so using present knowledge.

you continue
The Father of mercies willed that the Incarnation should be preceded by assent on the part of the predestined mother, so that just as a woman had a share in the coming of death, so also should a woman contribute to the coming of life. CCC 488
If God has determined that Eve sins and Mary says yes then they have no choice whatsoever but to do waht God has determined they will do. This is not the image of a loving, genuine, I-Thou relationship that God makes clear He desires over and over again in Scripture.
 
…continuing
By his providence God protects and governs all things which he has made, “reaching mightily from one end of the earth to the other, and ordering all things well.” For “all are open and laid bare to his eyes,” even those things which are yet to come into existence through the free action of creatures. Vatican Council I, Dei Filius 1: DS 3003; cf. Wis 8:1; Heb 4:13.
That last part was fine until the last half of the last sentence. My view of God is greater and more worthy of praise because He can bring about His will through any number of routes. He can triumph despite the fact that most men resist His will for them, which is life and peace and love. It is indeed possible to resist God’s will as Luke shows us.
Luke 7:30 But the Pharisees and lawyers rejected the will of God for themselves, not having been baptized by him.
Did God predestine that the Pharisees and lawyers resist His will at that moment? No way! God is not schizophrenic. The view of God presented in that passage of the catholic catechism is.

Christ did not show remorse and frustration over God bringing about His will when He weeped over Jerusalem’s rejection of God’s plan for them.
Luke 13:34 " O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, the one who kills the prophets and stones those who are sent to her! How often I wanted to gather your children together, as a hen [gathers] her brood under [her] wings, but you were not willing!
Also, there are passages that explicitly tell us that God did not plan or ordain what occured . Consider the following.
Jeremiah 7:31 "And they have built the high places of Tophet, which [is] in the Valley of the Son of Hinnom, to burn their sons and their daughters in the fire, which I did not command, nor did it come into My heart.
Jeremiah 19:5 "(they have also built the high places of Baal, to burn their sons with fire [for] burnt offerings to Baal, which I did not command or speak, nor did it come into My mind)
Jeremiah 32:35 'And they built the high places of Baal which [are] in the Valley of the Son of Hinnom, to cause their sons and their daughters to pass through [the fire] to Molech, which I did not command them, nor did it come into My mind that they should do this abomination, to cause Judah to sin.'
Here is God explicitly revealing to us that He did not predestine what occured includinhg each person’s response to His grace. He did not predestine it because it never entered His mind that they should do these evil acts. All that enters His mind concerning what He wants for Israel and for the world is good. He imagines and thinks of us doing His will, not burning our children.
 
Breton said
This is quite an unsubstantiated claim given that open theism is not in agreement with the 2000 year history of the Catholic Church
its not in agreement with Classical Theism which is the interpreation of the Bible based upon Neoplatonic philosophical assumptions. Because we rightly reject Platonic Rationalism which states that God cannot change in any way (become incarnate, experience emotion, etc.) or respond to us in any way (prayer, praise, etc.) we interpret Scripture a bit differently now that these philosophical shackles are off. When God says that He responds, we can believe it without reservation, instead of responding by saying “No! The Scripture is not describing God as he really is! God does not change because we have come to the conclusion through Platonic Rationalism that a perfect God cannot change in any way or respond to anything or even have a thought.”

you said
nor does it seem to pass muster with some very prominent leaders of the “sola scriptura” crowd as evidenced below:
“Open theism…dishonors God, distorts Scripture, damages faith, and would, if left unchecked, destroy churches and lives.”
-John Piper
Pastor for Preaching at Bethlehem Baptist Church in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Degrees from Fuller Theological Seminary (B.D.) and the University of Munich (D.theol.). For six years he taught Biblical Studies at Bethel College in St. Paul, Minnesota, and in 1980 accepted the call to serve as pastor at Bethlehem. John is the author of more than 20 books and his preaching and teaching is featured on the daily radio program Desiring God.
“Presenting itself as a legitimate variant within evangelicalism, ‘open’ theism in reality so redefines the God of the Bible and of theology that we wind up with a quite different God.”
-D.A. Carson
Research professor of New Testament at Trinity Evangelical Divinity School in Deerfield, Illinois. He has been at Trinity since 1978. Dr. Carson received the Bachelor of Science in chemistry from McGill University, the Master of Divinity from Central Baptist Seminary, and the Doctor of Philosophy in New Testament from Cambridge University.
“Guess what? There is a new old heresy in the Church. Surprise, surprise! It would appear that the enemies of Truth never sleep. The heresy is known as “open theism.” Open theism, also called “openness” and “the open view,” is a theology that deals with human free will and its relationship to God in regards to the future.”
-Ted Haggard, President, National Association of Evangelicals
I have no respect for any of those guys. If you had experienced how they conducted themselves during the debate over the past 10 years or so and at the Annual Conference of the Evangelical Theological Society in Colorado Springs, CO in 2001, you wouldn’t have any respect left for them either.

Well, wait, I have a little respect for John Piper. He has since apologized to his church and publicly for making horrendous statements about Greg Boyd, an Open Theist who pastors the largest church in Minnesota in the same city. Some people left Piper’s church for Boyd’s (naturally, since Boyd’s church is waaay better and serves people’s needs better) and that really upset Piper. But he apologized publicly HERE and that is worthy of some respect.

Carson’s works are completely unimpressive and show a huge lack of imagination in comprehending and responding to the Open View.

And Ted Haggard is no theologian or philosopher.

The most knowledgeable and well-read philosophers/theologians who have commented on Open Theism do not refer to us as Carson, Piper or Haggard do above.

Nicholas Wolterstorff, arguably the top Christian philosopher in the USA and one of the very bet and brightest in the entire world holds to presentism and affirms as we do that God is everlasting, not timelessly eternal. Read his God Everlasting and his book Divine Discourse. Those are much much better than anything Carson, Piper or Haggard have ever written.

You can also check out The Coherence of Theism by Richard Swinburne of Oxford.
 
Donald45 said
Reply to TheOpenTheist, Posts #43 & 44:
My basic purpose in posting the comments you responded to was simply to offer Catholic readers a word of caution concerning Open Theism (OT) as a view of God. This is a Catholic forum (though non-Catholics are welcome), and those Catholics who may not be familiar with OT should be aware of its decidedly un-Catholic nature.
The Open View is pretty doggone catholic Donald. It fits very well with catholic teaching, with the only barriers being “timelessness” and “exhaustive definite foreknowledge”. Most people have bought into the idear that time is an “entity”. Its not. They are reifying time. Time is not a thing or entity, its simply how we describe our existence. This occured at this time and then this and the next thing and so forth. Existence is what’s real, not our description of it as “time”. And once its shown that God knowing the future as completely settled in no way helps God to exercise His providential control then exhaustive definite foreknowledge falls quickly along with total immutability (which denies the incarnation) and they arrive with me at the Open View.

you claimed
The fact that a few Catholics have adopted the OT approach is irrelevant, since whatever theological view any Catholic might attempt to affirm must be held to the standard of Catholic orthodoxy expressed in the Church’s long doctrinal Tradition, which has come from the Apostles, through their successors (the bishops), down to our own day.
If you read the early church fathers more you will realize that they were at least open to the open view to some extent. Had Neoplatonism not had such a big influence on the early church you would have seen a lot of Open Theists.

you claimed
as John the Apostle stated: “We [the Apostles] belong to God, and anyone who knows God listens to us [the Apostles], while anyone who does not belong to God refuses to hear us [the Apostles]. This is how we know the spirit of truth and the spirit of deceit” (1 Jn. 4:6).
You abused that Scripture. WE in this passage refers to John and the “children” who are of God.
1 John 4:4-6 You are of God, little children, and have overcome them, because He who is in you is greater than he who is in the world. 5 They are of the world. Therefore they speak [as] of the world, and the world hears them. 6 We are of God. He who knows God hears us; he who is not of God does not hear us. By this we know the spirit of truth and the spirit of error.
you go on
That having been said
And having been said while mangling Scripture in the process.
please note that my comments were addressed to the the basic approach and theological content of OT, and not to you personally. You, on the other hand, have chosen to engage in a regrettable form of ad hominem argumentation focused on me as a person:
You have yet to prove this.
“I guess they need you to come along and show them and the catholic bishops that the Open View is outside the bounds of ‘genuine Christian theology’… That you continue to speak as if you know what you are talking about is a concern. Because you don’t know what you are talking about… …you are woefully ignorant…”
You demonstrated that what I said was correct in your last post where you quoted some mediocre evangelicals as significant evidence that some Protestants do not accept the Open View. You truly are talking as if you know what you are talking about even though you don’t. Its typical catholic behavior.

you go on
Sarcasm and ridicule simply detract from one’s argument, making it less convincing to the reader, and doing far more harm than good. Employing the ad hominem fallacy in order to bolster one’s position merely reveals the inherent weakness of that position.
You demonstrated that what I claimed about you was true. Its an ad hominem no longer.

you claimed
Such an approach smacks of desperation and defensiveness, neither of which would be necessary if one’s argument were actually valid.
No. I am simply calling a spade a spade. No desperation in that.
I intend to speak directly to the content of your posts at a later date (no time at the moment), but wished to address the intrinsic flaw in adopting an ad hominem approach to theological discourse. I’d definitely appreciate it if you’d reconsider such a tack in the future. Thanks.
I do not desire to employ such a tactic. Thank you for showing that what I said in my earlier post was true 👍
 
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