Might want to check your time lines. The Israel genocide of Jericho took place around 1400bce. Rome really didn’t get started till around 800bce or so. Same for Carthage. Basic history.
That isn’t a timeline problem, cerad. It just indicates that ritual infanticide was a long-standing practice. The Tophet of Salammbó has about 20,000 urns containing the charred bodies of children (from fetuses up to 2 year olds) (Kermit Gosnell would be proud) that were deposited from 400 BC to 200 BC, in an area that covers about an acre and a half. Textual evidence that this was a common practice in Jericho is in the Old Testament.
As both the Canaanites and the Carthaginians derived their pantheon of gods and goddesses from the Phoenician culture of Canaan, they shared similar practices and beliefs, and it would be likely that this would include propitiary child sacrifice. The Phoenicians were calling themselves Canaanites as far back as the 14th century BC, so yeah, to answer your question, we’re talking about the same culture (see the Egyptian Amarna Tablets, written in cuneiform, which date from that period and refer to the Phoenicians as Canaanites). That would put them right before your date of 1400 BC.
To my knowledge, there hasn’t been any discovery of the remains of Canaanite sacrifice from that period, which is about what we would expect - it would be unlikely that the cremated remains of an infant would survive since the time of the Canaanites unless preserved in an urn or vessel (which was the practice in Carthage). We have textual corroboration, obviously.
The fact that numerous Roman commentators described the practice at a much later period simply demonstrates how pernicious and long-lived this practice was (it’s still with us, in fact.). If, as the philosopher Robert Humphrey said, the two constants of a healthy human society are that 1) the members value their own lives and 2) they value the lives of their children even more, a society that sacrifices its own children for material gain can only be described as disordered, and I would say, satanic.
The Greek historian Diodorus Siculus (writing about 60 BC) mentions this was not a new practice, but that the Carthaginians were now purchasing and sacrificing the children of those outside of their tribe:
“In former times they (the Carthaginians) had been accustomed to sacrifice to this god the noblest of their sons, but more recently, secretly buying and nurturing children, they had sent these to the sacrifice…There was in their city a bronze image of Cronus extending its hands, palms up and sloping toward the ground, so that each of the children when placed thereon rolled down and fell into a sort of gaping pit filled with fire.”
Cleitarchus, a court historian for Alexander the Great wrote circa 301-310 BC that in the city of Carthage
“There stands in their midst a bronze statue of Kronos, its hands extended over a bronze brazier, the flames of which engulf the child. When the flames fall upon the body, the limbs contract and the open mouth seems almost to be laughing until the contracted body slips quietly into the brazier. Thus it is that the ‘grin’ is known as ‘sardonic laughter,’ since they die laughing.”
Plutarch wrote that
“… the whole area before the statue was filled with a loud noise of flutes and drums so that the cries of wailing should not reach the ears of the people.”
Rabbinical traditions passed down through Rabbi Shlomo Yitzhaki agree with that description of the noise used to drown out the screams of the infants, and hold that "
Tophet is Moloch, which was made of brass; and they heated him from his lower parts; and his hands being stretched out, and made hot, they put the child between his hands, and it was burnt; when it vehemently cried out; but the priests beat a drum, that the father might not hear the voice of his son, and his heart might not be moved."
Others sites containing the burnt remains of children have been found in Amman, Tyre, Sardinia, Sicily, and the island of Motiya, off the coast of Sicily, where the charred bones excavated from the Tophet sacrificial sites are almost all male children (indicating a more valued sacrifice) and show no signs of disease, indicating they were unlikely to be the remains of natural deaths. J.B. Hennessy’s excavation of burnt child remains at Amman are dated to 1400 - 1250 BC, which would fit well within your timeline, cerad.
If you’d like to research this more, cerad, you could look at Shelby Brown’s
“Late Carthaginian Child Sacrifice and Sacrificial Monuments in their Mediterranean Context” (JSOT/ASOR Monograph Series, vol. 3; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1991); .
Joseph Greene’s
Punic Project Excavations: Child Sacrifice in the Context of Carthaginian Religion: Excavations in the Tophet, American Schools of Oriental Research; Lawrence E. Stager and Samuel R. Wolff, *“Child Sacrifice at Carthage: Religious Rite or Population Control?” *Biblical Archaeology Review, January/February 1984;
And sure, God could have intervened. Just stop the sacrifices.
Apparently, He did. God can act through his moral agents, which can include angels and those humans under His command.