I have noticed on some “Catholic unfriendly” chat lines, that when a Catholic is trying to argue what the early church fathers said to support the Catholic position, the response from the non-Catholic is either:
- It doesn’t matter, the fathers were fallible
- The fathers were on both sides of an issue
- They are all forgeries
- They were apostate
Do these people say all this because the early church fathers seem to teach Catholic beliefs, so therefore they can’t be trusted since the non-Catholic doesn’t believe the early Church taught Catholic beliefs. After all if the fathers were reliable then they would teach what the non-Catholic believed.
Reasons 1 & 2 are perfectly true. Reason 3 is also sometimes true - in that works sometimes attributed to them, sometimes are not theirs, or are later than a named author’s times. Reason 4 also contains some truth - for the CC does not accept all that Augustine (for example) says.
Which of the three interpretations of Romans 9-11 by Augustine do we take ? He didn’t agree with himself - so how can anybody else be expected to treat him as an unvarying & infallible oracle ? This in is no way a criticism of him - but it is a criticism of those who assume, against all reason & faith & doctrine & theology & history, that the Fathers are an undifferentiated regiment of omniscient, timeless, unimprovable, all-wise, wholly consistent, unchanging, never-disagreeing authors. Life is not like that, & neither were the Fathers.
Some Patristic theories were rejected by other Fathers - Victorinus of Pettau, like Justin Martin & Irenaeus of Lyons, was a millenarian: it was Augustine who gave millenarianism its death-blow.
Jerome held a theory of Providence which regarded God as attending only to the greater matters, not as having a Providence which extends toi the least details in the universe.
Many Fathers - Augustine, Lactantius, Cosmas Indicopleustes are three famous ones - regarded belief in the Antipodes as impossible for a Christian. There are Antipodean lands even so, & we know them as Australia & New Zealand.
Lactantius opposed the death penalty for heresy, as did Chrysostom & other Fathers - the Church was burning heretics alive by the 13th century, and Leo X in 1520 defended it.
Some Fathers held that the ransom of the Atonement was paid to the devil. As others pointed out, this made no sense, as the devil had no rights over the human race, so the idea died out after 600 or so.
Some Fathers opposed the reading of heathen authors by Christians - some, like St.Basil of Caesarea, defended it.
Are we to canonise and declare inerrant every Classical author’s mistake in the sciences, merely because such things are reproduced by this or that Father ? Do we accept the ideas of Eusebius of Caesarea & Epiphanius of Salamis on ancient history, even though these ideas are wildly inaccurate, on the mere ground that they are uttered by Fathers ? The Fathers are not & cannot be final authorities on geography, or ancient history, or on anything else. They are not inspired, & they would be the first to hold up their hands in horror at the exaggerated deference bordering on idolatry that some want to pay them.
It is perfectly possible to accept the Fathers as the fallible, often mistaken, often disagreeing, limited, people they were, without having any less respect for them. This is not disrespectful, but realistic - because it accepts what they wrote as what they wrote, without trying to to pretend that everything they ever wrote is timeless or inspired, or always in agreement with later Catholicisms, Eastern or Western. One can perfectly well learn from them, without imagining that they - few of whom knew any Hebrew, & many among the Latin Fathers, no Greek (such as Augustine) - are the final judges of the meaning of the Bible.
This is a very very short explanation of why the Fathers are not regarded as final courts of appeal, nor as inerrant. Hope it helps ##