A couple of quick points.
(1) I am fairly well read in scripture and the principal Church Fathers: Tertullian, Iranaeus, Augustine of Hippo, Clement of Alexandria, Anselm, Aquinas, Abelard, some Popes, etc. - though I confess to forgetting much of what I've read over the years. Frankly, much of what those doctors and scholars of the Church wrote was insightful, even brilliant for their times, but some of it was primordial by modern standards. But they had neither a decent telescope nor microscope, they believed in demons and ghosts, knew nothing of germs as causes of disease, thought the world was flat, and much more that makes some of what they wrote wrong and/or irrelevant. So I don't look to them to substantiate doctrine. Aquinas, for example, was very learned and extremely systematic, but many of his arguments are weak. As for human rights, he said heretics should be delivered by the Church to the civic authorities to be executed! Not very tolerant, I would suggest. I have visited Aquino in Italy, by the way. At one point in earlier years I studied Thomas Aquinas quite seriously.
(2) If I thought the Holy Spirit were guiding the Church so that it would be errorless that would be one thing. But the Church has lost its way on various occasions - as during the Crusades and Inquisition. I believe it was Abelard who wrote Sic et Non, showing how different Popes had contradicted one another. And Catholic countries were often brutal in repressing freedom. It makes it difficult to discuss dogma if one claims says that their side was delivered by God through an infallible Pope on matters of doctrine or ethics. That rather stifles any conversation.
(3) I do not believe our salvation depends on belonging to any one church or accepting any one set of doctrines. My God is just and full of mercy and would hardly punish anyone for embracing a different religion. I expect heaven to be full of Hindus, Buddhists, Indian medicine men, and good people of every faith and nation, race and tongue. The idea that there is One True Church and those outside that Church are somehow second-class citizens spiritually repulses me. It certainly has been a cause of much persecution and suffering over the centuries.
(4) True, Jesus said we should be like little children, which some people interpret to mean that we should not think 'theologically' for ourselves but accept without question whatever our Church teaches. I interpret it to mean that we should have the faith of little children. Golly gee, I have an abundance of faith in Christ. I live securely under the Providence of Almighty God. No doubts there. But that does mean that I have to accept such dubious dogmae as the Immaculate Conception and the Assumption of Mary. Parenthetically, we're not even sure who the mother of Mary was. There are plenty of apocryphal stories about Anna, Mary's alleged mom, but there is not a thread of evidence in scripture that she was Mary's mom. Yet, probably thousands of churches and even a major Quebec shrine are named after her.