There are very few executions in the U.S., and usually, many years or even decades pass before an execution is carried out.
The accused has the privilege of making many appeals in court over many years. This process can take years or decades.
I may be wrong, but it seems to me that only a few executions are carried out each year in the U.S., possibly not even that many. Someone with more knowledge, please correct me if I am wrong about this.
Also, in recent years, several universities and private individuals have created “appeals” groups that respond to requests from families and prison inmates who insist on the innocence of the accused, and ask for help to prove this. These groups work, often for free, to re-open the case, study the evidence, and in many cases, they have proven beyond a shadow of doubt that the accused is actually innocent. It’s amazing to read about their work.
I think that groups like this have made it even harder for a court to give a death sentence to any criminal in the U.S., and that’s a good thing–no one wants to execute an innocent person.
In many states in the U.S., executions are not done. Illinois is one such state–a moratorium has been in effect for many years now, and no executions are carried out.
Finally, the only criminals in the U.S. who are executed are murderers, generally murderers who have carried out multiple murders or serial murders. In the past, criminals convicted of “treason” were executed, but this has not been done in my lifetime (at least I think this is so). Crimes other than heinous murder are punished by various terms of imprisonment, and there is a lot of talk about eliminating imprisonment for certain “crimes” (e.g., possession of marijuana) and substituting some form of rehabilitation and re-education, or even decriminalizing these acts entirely.
The U.S. is not a brutal country when it comes to criminals.