De facto the real issue is that when we in the Catholic Church speak of the “Orthodox church” we forget that the Orthodox differ in belief amongst themselves.
Any break in Eucharistic communion between the Orthodox has to do with politics more than anything else. The early Church did the same. They still recognize each other as canonical Churches. They hold the same faith.
They do reject Catholic teachings. They do reject Papal Infallibility and the Immaculate conception.
There are two levels of theology–the theologia prima (first level theology) and theologia secunda (second level theology); in Greek, the two are called, more significantly, “theologia” and “theoria”. The former is the essential, dogmatic level of theology as contained in the Church’s rule of prayer, which is to say, in the liturgy of the Church, for “lex orandi lex credendi”, the rule of prayer is the rule of belief.
Theologia secunda, on the other hand, is the result of contemplation and reflection upon the theologia prima, and its elaboration into doctrine. Doctrine, however, is culturally, historically, and linguistically conditioned–the experience of each particular Church shapes how it understands the theologia prima. So, as Pope John Paul II noted, doctrine is variable, but the underlying dogmatic faith is transcendent; we simply have to be careful not to conflate the two.
This is why, as a Byzantine Catholic, I do not have to hold to the formulation of doctrine presented by the Church of Rome during the second millennium.
The reality, is that regardless of how anyone wants to call it, the Orthodox do reject Catholic teachings which are clearly defined dogmas of the faith.
Unfortunately, for a number of centuries, the Church of Rome thought of itself in exclusionary terms as the ONLY true Church; therefore, the doctrinal pronouncements of the Church of Rome were often labeled as “dogmatic”, when, in fact, they were particular ONLY to the Church of Rome. Therefore, not everything Roman Catholics consider “dogmatic” really is. It is now understood that, as long as there is agreement on the level of the theologia prima, variety in the theologia secunda is both acceptable and desirable, for a Church that is uniformly Roman (or for that matter, uniformly Byzantine) can make no pretension to ecumenicity or catholicity.
ZP