good question
were there any Catholics in the first century?
Just like today, all the people that were in communion with the one, holy, Catholic and Apostolic church were Catholics.
In some of Pauls letters it is clear that he is writing to people that stopped listening to him and although he rebukes/pleads with them he never says “you are not Christians” or “you lost your salvation”.
In Galatians 1, Paul says this:
6 I am amazed that you are so quickly forsaking the one who called you by (the) grace (of Christ) for a different gospel
7 (not that there is another). But there are some who are disturbing you and wish to pervert the gospel of Christ.
8 But even if we or an angel from heaven should preach (to you) a gospel other than the one that we preached to you, let that one be accursed!
9 As we have said before, and now I say again, if anyone preaches to you a gospel other than the one that you received, let that one be accursed!
Apollos and some other disciples in Acts did not even know that the Holy Spirit existed.
I think today we would consider that HUGE, but they were still Christians.
This is what Acts 18 says about Apollos:
24 A Jew named Apollos, a native of Alexandria, an eloquent speaker, arrived in Ephesus. He was an authority on the scriptures.
25 He had been instructed in the Way of the Lord and, with ardent spirit, spoke and taught accurately about Jesus, although he knew only the baptism of John.
26 He began to speak boldly in the synagogue; but when Priscilla and Aquila heard him, they took him aside and explained to him the Way (of God) more accurately.
27 And when he wanted to cross to Achaia, the brothers encouraged him and wrote to the disciples there to welcome him. After his arrival he gave great assistance to those who had come to believe through grace.
28 He vigorously refuted the Jews in public, establishing from the scriptures that the Messiah is Jesus
Notice, although he initially only had the Baptism of John, he was eager and willing to submit to the Church authorities . this is the difference between him and Protestants.
sadly the average Protestant belief seems to be more biblically accurate then the average Catholic belief
This is a laughably untenuous statement. It simply is without basis. The Bible is a Catholic book, written by Catholics for Catholics (and it is inspired, becasue the Holy Spirit protects the Chruch from error.). It is completely ridiculous for someone who understands the Bible outside the Catholic Context, to think they understand it better than those for whom it was written.