R
Randy_Carson
Guest
On the Perpetual Virginity of Mary
(Or How I Spent One Saturday Night)
By Randy Carson
I. Defending the Perpetual Virginity from Arguments Based on Commonly Misunderstood Scriptures
A. Adelphoi – the “Brothers” of Jesus
Many non-Catholics seek to deny the Perpetual Virginity of Mary based upon the references to Jesus’ “brothers” as found in these passages such as these:
Matthew 12:46-50
46 While Jesus was still talking to the crowd, his mother and brothers stood outside, wanting to speak to him. 47 Someone told him, “Your mother and brothers (Gr. adelphoi) are standing outside, wanting to speak to you.” 48 He replied to him, “Who is my mother, and who are my brothers (Gr. adelphoi)?” 49 Pointing to his disciples, he said, “Here are my mother and my brothers. (Gr. adelphoi) 50 For whoever does the will of my Father in heaven is my brother (Gr. adelphos) and sister (Gr. adelphe) and mother.”
Mark 3:31-35
31 Then Jesus’ mother and brothers (Gr. adelphoi) arrived. Standing outside, they sent someone in to call him. 32 A crowd was sitting around him, and they told him, “Your mother and brothers (Gr. adelphoi) are outside looking for you.” 33 “Who are my mother and my brothers (Gr. adelphoi)?” he asked. 34 Then he looked at those seated in a circle around him and said, “Here are my mother and my brothers (Gr. adelphoi)! 35 Whoever does God’s will is my brother (Gr. adelphos) and sister (Gr. adelphe) and mother.”
Matthew 13:54-56
54 Coming to his hometown, he began teaching the people in their synagogue, and they were amazed. “Where did this man get this wisdom and these miraculous powers?” they asked. 55 “Isn’t this the carpenter’s son? Isn’t his mother’s name Mary, and aren’t his brothers (Gr. adelphoi) James, Joseph, Simon and Judas? 56 Aren’t all his sisters (Gr. adelphai) with us? Where then did this man get all these things?”
Mark 6:3
3 Isn’t this the carpenter? Isn’t this Mary’s son and the brother (Gr. adelphos) of James, Joseph, Judas and Simon? Aren’t his sisters (Gr. adelphai) here with us?” And they took offense at him.
Although a simple reading of these passages in English appears more than sufficient to prove that Jesus had brothers and sisters and that Mary was not ever-virgin, the key to explaining this verse is understanding the Greek words for “brother” (adelphos), “brothers” (adelphoi), “sister” (adelphe) and “sisters” (adelphai). If these Greek words connote only siblings, then the Catholic dogma of Mary’s perpetual virginity is demonstrably false. However, this is not the case. The well-known Protestant linguistic reference, An Expository Dictionary of New Testament Words, defines adelphos as follows:
Adelphos: denotes a brother, or near kinsman; in the plural, a community based on identity or origin or life. It is used of:
Acts 1:15-16
15 In those days Peter stood up among the believers (a group numbering about a hundred and twenty) 16 and said, “Brothers and sisters (Gr. adelphoi), the Scripture had to be fulfilled in which the Holy Spirit spoke long ago through David concerning Judas, who served as guide for those who arrested Jesus.
The footnote to v. 16 in the NIV states: “The Greek word for brothers and sisters (adelphoi) refers here to believers, both men and women, as part of God’s family; also in 6:3; 11:29; 12:17; 16:40; 18:18, 27; 21:7, 17; 28:14, 15.” This is an example of the ninth usage of adelphoi. Obviously, logic dictates that the 120 “brothers and sisters” in Acts 1:16 did not have the same mother; Mary would have been perpetually pregnant instead!
(cont.)
(Or How I Spent One Saturday Night)
By Randy Carson
I. Defending the Perpetual Virginity from Arguments Based on Commonly Misunderstood Scriptures
A. Adelphoi – the “Brothers” of Jesus
Many non-Catholics seek to deny the Perpetual Virginity of Mary based upon the references to Jesus’ “brothers” as found in these passages such as these:
Matthew 12:46-50
46 While Jesus was still talking to the crowd, his mother and brothers stood outside, wanting to speak to him. 47 Someone told him, “Your mother and brothers (Gr. adelphoi) are standing outside, wanting to speak to you.” 48 He replied to him, “Who is my mother, and who are my brothers (Gr. adelphoi)?” 49 Pointing to his disciples, he said, “Here are my mother and my brothers. (Gr. adelphoi) 50 For whoever does the will of my Father in heaven is my brother (Gr. adelphos) and sister (Gr. adelphe) and mother.”
Mark 3:31-35
31 Then Jesus’ mother and brothers (Gr. adelphoi) arrived. Standing outside, they sent someone in to call him. 32 A crowd was sitting around him, and they told him, “Your mother and brothers (Gr. adelphoi) are outside looking for you.” 33 “Who are my mother and my brothers (Gr. adelphoi)?” he asked. 34 Then he looked at those seated in a circle around him and said, “Here are my mother and my brothers (Gr. adelphoi)! 35 Whoever does God’s will is my brother (Gr. adelphos) and sister (Gr. adelphe) and mother.”
Matthew 13:54-56
54 Coming to his hometown, he began teaching the people in their synagogue, and they were amazed. “Where did this man get this wisdom and these miraculous powers?” they asked. 55 “Isn’t this the carpenter’s son? Isn’t his mother’s name Mary, and aren’t his brothers (Gr. adelphoi) James, Joseph, Simon and Judas? 56 Aren’t all his sisters (Gr. adelphai) with us? Where then did this man get all these things?”
Mark 6:3
3 Isn’t this the carpenter? Isn’t this Mary’s son and the brother (Gr. adelphos) of James, Joseph, Judas and Simon? Aren’t his sisters (Gr. adelphai) here with us?” And they took offense at him.
Although a simple reading of these passages in English appears more than sufficient to prove that Jesus had brothers and sisters and that Mary was not ever-virgin, the key to explaining this verse is understanding the Greek words for “brother” (adelphos), “brothers” (adelphoi), “sister” (adelphe) and “sisters” (adelphai). If these Greek words connote only siblings, then the Catholic dogma of Mary’s perpetual virginity is demonstrably false. However, this is not the case. The well-known Protestant linguistic reference, An Expository Dictionary of New Testament Words, defines adelphos as follows:
Adelphos: denotes a brother, or near kinsman; in the plural, a community based on identity or origin or life. It is used of:
- male children of the same parents…
- male descendants of the same parents, Acts 7:23,26; Hebrews 7:5…
- people of the same nationality, Acts 3:17,22; Romans 9:3…
- any man, a neighbor, Luke 10:29; Matthew 5:22, 7:23…
- persons united by a common interest, Matthew 5:47…
- persons united by a common calling, Revelation 22:9…
- mankind, Matthew 25:40; Hebrews 2:17…
- the disciples, and so, by implication, all believers, Matthew 28:10; John 20:17…
- believers, apart from sex, Matthew 23:8; Acts 1:16; Romans 1:13; 1 Thessalonians; Revelation 19:10 (the word sisters is used of believers only in 1 Timothy 5:2)…
Acts 1:15-16
15 In those days Peter stood up among the believers (a group numbering about a hundred and twenty) 16 and said, “Brothers and sisters (Gr. adelphoi), the Scripture had to be fulfilled in which the Holy Spirit spoke long ago through David concerning Judas, who served as guide for those who arrested Jesus.
The footnote to v. 16 in the NIV states: “The Greek word for brothers and sisters (adelphoi) refers here to believers, both men and women, as part of God’s family; also in 6:3; 11:29; 12:17; 16:40; 18:18, 27; 21:7, 17; 28:14, 15.” This is an example of the ninth usage of adelphoi. Obviously, logic dictates that the 120 “brothers and sisters” in Acts 1:16 did not have the same mother; Mary would have been perpetually pregnant instead!
(cont.)