Hi Branden,
During the first 1000 years or so of Church history, Latin was the language of the common people. Even after the Roman empire fell, Latin was the one language that all literate people had in common. The first translation of the bible into the vernacular was St. Jerome’s Latin Vulgate translation in 382 AD. “Vulgate” means “common tongue”.
Until the 1500’s and the invention of the printing press, most people were illiterate and learned the scriptures by hearing them proclaimed during the mass. We have 4 bible readings every Sunday and 3 on weekdays.
Did you see the movie “Braveheart” about William Wallace? He taught his soldiers to pray the psalms in Latin. Being an educated man, he could read and write in Latin, like all other literate people.
When Catherine of Aragon traveled from Spain to England to marry Prince Arthur (she only married Henry VIII after Arthur died), the two of them got along famously, even though Catherine spoke no English and Arthur spoke no Spanish. Being literate people, they were both fluent in Latin and communicated by speaking and writing Latin until Catherine eventually learned English.
The Catholic Church also produced the first translations of the Gospel of John, and later the entire New Testament, into English. The King James version of the Bible borrowed extensively from the Douay-Rhiems version, translated and published by the Catholic Church. Many local Catholic bishops in many countries also commissioned translations into the local dialects.
The Protestant rumor that the Catholic Church somehow conspired to keep the bible away from the people is pure myth.
God bless you,
Paul