You have been giving your definition of soul, perhaps, but yours is not the only definition, and it does not appear in my copy of Websters Dictionary. It may not be the definition accepted by whomever initiated this thread.
Since this is a Catholic web site, and since we are requested to give answers to questions in accordance with Catholic Church teaching, rather than giving our own personal opinions, it makes sense to use the Catholic definition, don’t you think?
I’ve been studying the Church’s definition of “soul” since before you ware born, and the definitions of other religions as well. I’ve also studied other subjects which have some relationship to the concept. As part of my ongoing effort to learn, may I clarify your “life of the body” definition of soul?
Given that apes, rodents, and cockroaches have bodies which are alive, do they, in your opinion, have souls?
Yes, they do - they have what the Church calls “animal souls” that don’t have a separate existence apart from the bodies that they enliven and give shape to. As you well know, if you’ve been studying this subject for longer than I have, since (I presume) you would have read everything that I have read (especially the Catechism of the Catholic Church), and more.
Does your definition imply that when the body dies, the soul dies?
Human souls are rational, and have independent existence, unlike animal souls. Again, you have read all about this in the Catechism, so why am I repeating it to you? Nevertheless, to show you that I have done my homework, I am telling it to you.
Can the soul exist independently of the body? If so, how does your definition apply after death?
The rational, immortal human soul exists by itself temporarily after death, and will be rejoined to its own body on the Day of Judgment, as we read in the Apostles’ Creed: “I believe in the resurrection of the body, and the life everlasting.” Again, as you already know.
Given that many English words have Latin roots which are recognizable (e.g. anima => animate, animal, etc.) how was the Latin “anima” transmogrified into “soul?”
This, I don’t know, but I’m sure you can look it up just as easily as I can.
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