Well, any method of producing energy is going to produce some pollution, somehow (if not directly, then indirectly…i.e. manufacture of solar panels).
The big advantage of nuclear is that nearly all of it’s pollution (i.e. radioactive waste) is solid. The big towers on a nuclear plant are simply cooling towers, and all that comes out of them is water vapor. Solid waste can easily be contained (compared to gases), and while there is chance of leaching into the environment, that can be minimized.
Now look at a typical coal plant. Unlike a nuclear plant that can go years between refuelings, you have to have trains running at least twice a week (or they do with the coal plant a few miles from me). This creates pollution and uses fuel. The burning of coal is not clean (though much better then years ago). Coal plants emit mercury, sulfer, and other not so nice substances. Because they are gaseous emissions, they can’t be contained very easily and spread throughout the environment.
While both plants pollute, I think that the nuclear option creates pollution that is far more containable. I think part of the reason people are scared is because nuclear is far more mysterious. Let’s face it, we all know what burning is. How many of us have seen a nuclear reaction? People are nervous about what they do not know. I think that mercury and sulfur air pollution will hurt far more people overall then the risk of a radioactive release, it’s just not as dramatic. If there is a radioactive release, it only affects a few people but generally significantly.
Some people talk about clean natural gas. The disadvantages there are that 1) we have a lot less of that, 2) a great number of us use it to heat our houses, and 3) the price is highly volatile. It’s bad enough that the volatility impacts my heat bill. To have both the heat portion and electric portion subject to that volatility would cause many people trouble in being able to afford utilities.
I would say more but the post would get so long that most people wouldn’t bother to read it
Andy