The name Lucifer is an invention of Milton’s. Notice how it’s Latin, while all the other angelic names are in Hebrew and Greek
Satan is a title, meaning ‘accuser’ or ‘adversary’. It’s clearer in the book of Job that it describes the function of a particular angel – he constantly tests humanity with God’s explicit permission, acting as a prosecuting attorney against us. The satan is not really evil, he just has a horrible job.
Here in Zechariah 3 we see the satan standing in his place as lawyer, accusing Joshua. As in Job, however, God has other plans – and this time, apparently, is not feeling like gambling.
Satan as the ultimate evil is a development of the New Testament. As far as original names go, I believe the one you are looking for is most likely Samael – though it is not the only name identified with the Christian devil. Abaddon/Apollyon, the angel of destruction in Revelation, is also a candidate; so are Beelzebub, the Philistine deity and lord of the flies; Ahriman, the Zoroastrian supreme evil; Yaldabaoth, the Gnostic demiurge; and more.