Textus Receptus - Meaning “Received Text” (1453 AD). This arose through an opportunity to study the Greek manuscripts instead of the Latin Vulgate. The “Textus Receptus” or Received Text was the standard Greek text in the sixteenth century after the invention of the printing press. It was the first published Greek text of the New Testament and for many years was the standard Greek text. This Greek New Testament has been edited on the basis of the latest evidence and in some cases corrected to fit the Latin text. The Textus Receptus has many editions, compiled by different groups using different sources, and in some cases were merely translations of the Latin Vulgate to the Greek. Some of the most important versions of the Textus Receptus are:
- Complutensian Polyglot, published in 1520
- Erasmus’s first edition published in February 1516 with many errors.
- Erasmus’s third edition of 1522 - with a deliberate addition in 1 John 5:7-8.
- 1550, the third edition of Robert Stephanus (Estienne) became one of the two standard texts of the Textus Receptus. His edition included variants of over a dozen manuscripts – including Manuscripts D and L - Codices Bezae (D) and Regius (L).
- 1624, the Elzevir text became the primary text but it was basically a copy of Stephanus’ work.
So not all of the editions of the Textus Receptus are identical. Some are based on different manuscripts, some parts are translations of the Latin. Some are copies of earlier poor translations.
In contrast:
Septuagint. The Greek Old Testament came to be the Bible of the early Christian Church. It was commissioned by the Greek emperor Ptolemy II to serve the Jewish people under Greek domination who were no longer familiar with the Hebrew. The name Septuagint was derived from the Latin word “septuaginta” which means seventy. It is sometimes referred to by the abbreviation LXX, the Latin equivalent for 70. Legend states that this number refers to the number of translators used.
You could say that the LXX is the “received text” or “Textus Receptus” of the OLD Testament where as the first is of the NEW Testament.
The 1611 KJV: In common with most other translations of the period, the New Testament was translated from the Textus Receptus (Received Text) series of the Greek texts. The Old Testament was translated from the Masoretic Hebrew text, while the Apocrypha were translated from the Greek Septuagint (LXX), except for 2 Esdras, which was translated from the Latin Vulgate.
The NEW King James version takes into consideration the Greek texts and others say like the Dead Sea Scrolls that were not available to the 1611 KJV translators. This is why I prefer this version as to the OLD King James. Also if you study Greek, you will find that there are over 300 errors in the KJV that the New King James tries to correct.