There is only one Truth, but you saw in that church how not having it
fully can lead to grave error. The Catholic Church makes the claim to possess it fully because of its Apostolic Succession that leads right down to Jesus (as opposed to those whose origin you can point to a man like Luther or Calvin).
I imagine authority can be an issue for someone who came from a protestant background, but we’d do well to Remember Jesus’ words in
Luke 10:16
“He who hears you hears me; whoever rejects you rejects me; but whoever rejects me rejects him who sent me.”
Not necessarily depending on what you mean by private interpretation. If by private interpretation it means that you are the ultimate word on what something means despite being contrary to what the Church has always taught then that indeed would be condemned, precisely to protect from error and schism. Example: denying the divinity of Jesus (Jehova’s witnesses). If there’s no* final* word, then how will you ever know the truth with so many conflicting interpretations out there?
The Church gives a LOT of leeway when it comes to reading scripture. It has defined very few passages to mean something specific and even then it doesn’t close off to other interpretations as long as they
don’t contradict.
From the Catechism of the Catholic Church:
The Magisterium of the Church
85 “The task of giving an authentic interpretation of the Word of God, whether in its written form or in the form of Tradition, has been entrusted to the living teaching office of the Church alone. Its authority in this matter is exercised in the name of Jesus Christ.” This means that the task of interpretation has been entrusted to the bishops in communion with the successor of Peter, the Bishop of Rome.
86 “Yet this Magisterium is not superior to the Word of God, but is its servant. It teaches only what has been handed on to it. At the divine command and with the help of the Holy Spirit, it listens to this devotedly, guards it with dedication and expounds it faithfully.
All that it proposes for belief as being divinely revealed is drawn from this single deposit of faith.”
87 Mindful of Christ’s words to his apostles:
“He who hears you, hears me”, the faithful receive with docility the teachings and directives that their pastors give them in different forms.
I think this article says it well:
catholic.com/thisrock/1998/9806qq.asp
Exegetes and believers must not pit their private judgment against the mind of the Church or
treat their methods as the ultimate arbiters of what Scripture can or cannot mean (this is what is meant by “private interpretation”). But that
doesn’t mean that ordinary Catholics and Scripture scholars cannot use their intellects to probe the meaning of Scripture. Indeed, Scripture is so rich that even when a given passage has been connected authoritatively with a certain doctrine, that does not remove that passage from the sphere of scientific or devotional inquiry.
We can interpret and explore Scripture, just not in a way that contradicts what has been defined concerning it.
Remember that in Catholicism you aren’t deprived of your freedom, but freedom doesn’t mean “simply do as you wish” (unless you were willing to put forth that sinning is part of what makes one free, instead of what it truly is: imprisonment, making the self a slave).
“The truth will set you free”, right?
(John 8:32)
I see the reason why Jesus told us that we need to be like children though, trusting of our parents as we once were,
trusting that what they say is for our own good and that they know better than us. That’s what one is asked to do when assenting to mother Church’s teachings: to trust that it’s for our good in obedience to our heavenly Father.
It’s ultimately humility and obedience (Jesus) vs. pride and disobedience (Adam).
You ask for solid teaching, the Catechism is a good start on what is taught by the Church. If there was something you specifically wanted to know if it was “questionable” you could post it and we could find out or work out the kinks in love and truth, not flame wars or finger pointing.
God bless you and may the Holy Spirit continue to guide you on your journey.