But wouldn’t you say that advancements in neuroscience are making a soul increasingly unnecessary?
This is a fair question. Before I answer, I have to be honest. I practiced neuropsych for many years, but gave it up to become a religious. I do very little in that field today. I went on to study theology and philosophy, which was the requirement for religious lfie.
Having made that clear, your question is a good one. The role of neuroscience is to explore and explain how the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous systems work together and to identify anomalies. From there the neuropsychologist or the neurologist picks up the ball, if there is an anomaly that needs attention. Neuroscience does not attempt to identify the source of lfie. It identifies what is alive, not the source.
The evidence for the connection between brain activity and mind is piling up higher and higher.
Actually, neuroscience believes that Freud’s construct of the mind is obsolete. It defines the mind as brain functions that are influenced by cognition, affect, instinct and conditioning. For the neuroscientist, there is no such thing as a mind that can be isolated from the brain. It’s really an umbrella term that combines brain activity as it is influenced by these other stimuli to produce certain behaviors. That’s why the neurosciences do not use the concept of mind to argue that someone is alive or that he is a person. Because not all behavior is the same. Some people can’t speak, because of brain damage. Others can’t reason. Others can’t remember and so forth. It is not the role of neuroscience to define person, but to explain why these anomalies exist.
In your opinion, what exactly does the soul do? What makes you think we have one?
Every living thing has a soul. This has been an argument that predates Christianity. Interestingly enough the conclusions reached in the west by the Greeks is are very similar to those reached in India, China and South America by their ancient philosophers.
The soul is the essence of life, without which a body cannot continue to exist. Therefore, plants, cats, dogs, humans all have souls.
The great philosophers have also used logic to show that there are two kinds of souls. There is a material soul that all living beings have. Without this, matter is non-living. There is an imortal soul, which we have discovered through revelation and is found only in human beings. This was discovered by people of different faiths, in different parts of the world, at different times, without ever interacting with each other. Therefore, the Church concludes that this is revealed truth for two reasons:
- The fact that it is consistent without being orchastrated.
- The fact of the resurrection of Jesus.
To answer your question, a newly fertilized egg has a soul, otherwise, it would not be a living being. The soul of a human is not the same as the soul of a plant or a cat. This is a mathematical proof called one-to-one correspondence. A human egg can only have a human soul and its soul is its own. It is not shared. So when you destroy the egg, you are killing a human being. No one has said that it is an toddler, teen, adult or senior. We’re simply saying, human being. It is a being and it is human and it is alive. Neuroscience and philosophy agree on that.
To kill a human being that is defenseless is a unjust.
Fraternally,
Br. JR, OSF
