Pax, Thanks for your reply. I understand that our viewpoints are different in regard to faith and works. I am not expecting to change your mind. I merely wish to argue that Romans 4:2 cannot be construed to support your idea. There is no clearer way Paul could have stated the idea that Abraham was not justified before God by works. To make it say the opposite is to misconstrue the text.
“It is quite clear from scripture that we would have a contradiction that would render Abraham’s belief null and meaningless if Abraham refused to be obedient and follow the instructions given him by God.”
That statement is not “quite clear.” The Abrahamic Covenant was a unilateral covenant. Had it been a bilateral covenant, Abraham would also have walked between the animal pieces (Gen 15:17). The fulfillment of that covenant depended entirely upon God and not upon Abraham or Abraham’s faith.
Further, Genesis 15:6 states that Abraham was justified, because he “believed in the Lord.” It was not Abraham’s works that were reckoned to him for righteousness, but his faith. There is no indication that if he failed to do works, he would lose that justification. There is no later indication that he lost his earlier justification.
Your view directly contradicts what Paul says in Romans 4:2. Paul’s point is that Abraham was not justified before God by works. You try to reconcile the contradiction by arguing that Paul is just talking about “initial justification.” However, there is nothing in that passage to indicate that Paul is talking about “initial justification.” He is talking about the same justification he has been discussing in 3:20, 24, 26, 28 and 30.
If you are arguing that 4:2 refers to “initial justification,” then the other verses must also be about initial justification. There is nothing in the text to indicate a switch in meaning. In fact, there is every reason to understand the meaning to be the same throughout this extended section through 5:21.
Arguing that the word means “initial justification” makes 3:31 nonsensical, for Paul would be saying that it is only initial justification that is provided by faith and not by works of the law. If that were the case, 3:20-3:30 would not nullify the law at all, because works of the law would be a basis of maintaining justification.
In Chapter 3 Paul has been arguing that God declares people righteous on the basis of faith rather than works. In chapter 4, he uses Abraham to illustrate his argument. Abraham is an example of someone who was justified before God by faith and not by works.
The word “justified” is also used in 5:1 with the word “therefore,” an inferential word denoting that what it introduces is the result of or an inference from what precedes. Paul is talking about the same kind of justification, a justification before God, not an “initial justification.” He continues, “Much more then, being now justified by his blood, we shall be saved from wrath through him.” (5:9). Again, Paul is not speaking of initial justification at all. The present participle in 5:1 and 5:9 expresses a present condition. Paul was saved in about 36 A.D. and wrote the book of Romans about twenty years later in 57 or 58 A.D. When he states “being justified by faith” he is not referring to his “initial justification” twenty years earlier!
Paul further states that based on that present condition, “we shall be saved from wrath through him.” The promise of deliverance from future wrath rests on being justified by his blood, not on works. Although we were enemies with God, we were reconciled and “being reconciled” we “shall be saved,” (5:10). We also joy in God through our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom “we have now received the atonement,” the covering of our sins. To say that Paul is speaking of “initial justification” in these passages is to inject into the text something that is not there. To say that works are required is to argue the opposite of what Paul so clearly states in 3:20-5:21.
Thanks, Pax. I know that Catholic theology rests on just the opposite and that this forum is committed to that position. I appreciate having the opportunity to post these comments and do not wish to take advantage of the graciousness of the forum by turning Catholic Answers into Non-Catholic Answers. However, since you had taken so much time to articulate your view, and had specifically asked for a response to your argument, I thought a response would be appropriate. If you wish to interact further, I would be willing to do so, but I also want to be sensitive to the nature of the forum.