Good is anything that improves the Commonwealth.
What do you mean by “improves the commonwealth”? I take it you use “improves” to mean “make better” somehow. How? Do you use the word “commonwealth” as meant in its original form “common wealth”? And if you do, what do you mean by “wealth”?
These are very broad terms you are using here.
Toneyrey is trying to pin you down on some of your intended meanings. What he is driving at is the nexus between private and public good. According to your statement here about the commonwealth, you place heavy emphasis on the state.
Toneyrey is now enquiring about where individuals fit into your scheme of humanistic values. So far, it looks like you are not sure how much freedom you should grant individuas and so you answered one of his questions with a question. If you would willingly sacrifice individuals for the benefit of the commonwealth, you must then logically admit that execution of criminals is fine, euthanasia is OK, torture of suspected enemies of the state is to be encouraged, and abortion is a social good. However, surely you don’t want all your commonwealth subjects quivering in fear from their ‘ruler’, which is you, so surely you would grant your commonwealth subjects some personal freedoms? Would you? For example, would you have a fixed age for euthanasia, or make it arbitrary? Execution of criminals - all criminals, or just some?
Bad is the opposite, while being based upon personal interests.
This sentence, within the context of your written passage, confused me somewhat. You are judging “goodness” in terms of acts and actions being good for the commonwealth. However here, you seem to be judging “bad” according to personal interests. So, if a person deems an action to be good for them, you, as ruler, can deem it bad for the commonwealth and so overide personal preferences. That sounds awfully totalitarian to me. So, I must ask, is your “humanism” totalitarian and prescriptive?
Pleasure and pain are not set in stone, because both can be found within Good and Bad.
Now you have really confounded me. From what you write here, pleasure and pain can be anything someone says it is? Is that correct? Earlier you wrote that the commonwealth’s well being was paramount, so your decisions, your ‘rules’ are directed towards ensuring the collective well being. So you then must define good and bad according to how actions affect the commonwealth. Correct? So referring to your statement above, that both pleasure and pain can be found in the “Good”, if you deem a certain pleasure to be bad for the commonwealth you will do something to prevent it. Conversely, if some form of pain is good for the commonwealth, you will implement it. Now the “Bad” as defined by you, are those things which are not so good for the commonwealth. So, when you judge things as being “bad” for the commonwealth, you will be stating that some pain is bad for the commonwealth, but also some pleasure is bad for the commonwealth. Then, however, you write that neither pleasure or pain are not set in stone. So does this mean that, to keep the commonwealth ‘good’ you will constantly have to redefine what pleasures and what pains are good and bad for the commonwealth? Sounds like an administrative nightmare, not to mention creating a great deal of uncertainty amongst your commonwealth’s population.
And, of course, it’s all relative, isn’t it?