This report addresses some key issues in immigration reform that matter to me. Below is a summary of what I feel are important points to consider:
How Today’s Immigration Enforcement Policies Impact Children, Families, and Communities
What happens to children when their parents are deported? How do these deportations, now more numerous than ever, affect families and the communities in which they live?
A total of 16.6 million people currently live in
mixed-status families—with at least one unauthorized immigrant—and a third of U.S. citizen children of immigrants live in mixed-status families.
Effects on families:
- Deportations have a large effect on families, forcing children into foster care as their parents are shipped out of the country and leaving single mothers struggling to make ends meet.
- Children and their parents live in constant fear of separation
Foster Care & Single Mothers
(The report reviews what we already know about the risks to healthy development that are associated with both so I won’t post it all here. I recommend that those interested read the report - it’s a good review)
Constant Fear of Separation
(The literature on this risk factor may be less well known, so I’m posting what I believe are the key issues to understand)
The author asked a 12-year-old girl, “What scares you?” She replied:
I’m scared, ‘cause maybe one day, they take her [Mom], and maybe we’re at the mall, or we’re walking around. Just leave us all by yourself, like what happened when this girl … just because she went to the store to buy diapers … and her daughter that was 10 or 11, they said that they took her.
These fears were perhaps best illustrated in May 2010, in the wake of the passage of Arizona’s anti-immigrant law, S.B. 1070. Speaking at an elementary school in Silver Spring, Maryland, a second grader expressed her own concern for her parents, telling First Lady Michelle Obama that,
“My mom … she says that Barack Obama is taking everybody away that doesn’t have papers. … my mom doesn’t have any papers.”
It is the final scenario that parents and children fear the most: Parents will lose custody of their children—not for being bad parents but due solely to their undocumented status.
A large literature on child development shows the detrimental effects that such anxieties and the overall social environment can have on early childhood development, and with it these children’s future successes, including things such as school achievements and earnings as adults. Ensuring the successful development of all citizen children, regardless of their parents’ immigration status, should be paramount.
(Also there is a massive literature on the impact of separation anxiety on a whole range of outcomes from juvenile delinquency to inability to maintain stable relationships in adulthood - no surprise there!)
I believe any immigration reform measures must begin with the assumption that parents will not be separated from their children due solely to their undocumented status. After that, the details of the policy can be worked out for various scenarios based on the legal status of the parents, whether or not the children have started school and the willingness of the home country to cooperate. For example:
If both parents are undocumented and none of the children have started school in the US - the entire family is deported to to “home” country, but the children retain US citizenship and may return once they adults. If the “home” country will not agree to take the children then the family remains in the US and some sort of sanction is placed on the “home” country (e.g. a tariff on imports or reduction in aid) for failing to cooperate.
Please comment!