I broke this story on CAF last week when it was just a rumour. Now it has been confirmed but it doesn’t actually mean what the headlines are saying it does, even though the discovery of a rocky planet orbiting Proxima Centauri, our nearest star, undoubtedly is the discovery of the decade.
The scientists know nothing, at the moment, regarding the atmospheric composition of the planet or whether it even has an atmosphere. There is no evidence of life on this planet - there cannot be, since astromoners are yet to have seen it during a transit so as to test for such things.
The significance of the discovery is that the nearest planet to earth outside our solar system - just over 4 light years away, a tiny distance in space terms - is in the habitable zone of its parent star and is a rocky world similar in proportions to the Earth. But Venus in our own solar system is the same and it is an inhospitable desert of immense heat. Proxima Centauri b could be like our own evil twin in that respect. Or it might be cold and lifeless like Mars. Or it might be host to microbial life or more advanced life forms. Who knows? We’ll know when scientists eventually look for its composition through advanced space telescopes like the ones set to launch in 2018 and 2022 or if they are lucky enough to catch a transit before then.
This is a stroke of immense good fortune for the human race, since the Centauri star system is potentially observable by humans through advanced telescopes and/or probes.
It will likely become, therefore, our interstellar gateway in the distant future and in the near future our laboratory for understanding exoplanets.