To my knowledge, both Quran and Bible mention about the killings of prophets by the Jews (although in Bible it was taken from the words of Jesus to THE PHARISES, and not to the common Jews), but with one big difference:
In Bible, The Jews (and men in general) refused God again and again, but HE loved the world that He sent the prophets again and again to remind them of the True Law of God. The killing of prophets, although made the Jews to be punished again and again, but never broke ANY COVENANT from God to Israel, that God will save them, when they repent. There’s a new covenant that the salvation is not only for the Jews, but for the mankind. So the killing of prophets happened in the past (usually by the judgment of the pharises as the leader of religion), but not VERY CRUCIAL that it broke the covenant made by God. That’s why in Bible we don’t have the names of the prophets written.
In Quran, the killing of prophets made God broke his covenant. Many moslem scholars claim that this killing made some promises (like the promised land in 5:21) become nullified. The promise then was transfered to moslems.
This is probably the reason for the people to ask moslems the names of the prophets killed because of one main reasoning:
The prophets killed by the Jews must be very important to God that he broke His holy covenant, which He never broke even when the Jews worshipped the Golden Calf. IF they are that important, then why the Quran didn’t mention the names?
So we are still waiting for more explanation about the names, please.