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In catholicism, there are two spheres, the moral sphere and the legal sphere of penal law: the temporal power and the spiritual power (Caesar and God, God and Caesar, the sphere of the morality , and the sphere of penal law of State).Mulligan2, my comments stem from my understanding of the Mystical Body of Christ. You need to try to escape the temporal order for a second when reading me.
A body is one and functions as a whole. When one member suffers, the body as a whole suffers. In the mystical body of Christ, when one sins, the others suffer, though not all will suffer directly. The view on the role of government and its laws and the laws in the Church change when you see the laws as guard rails preventing you from spiritual death and not impediments preventing you from some false joy, or some false sense of liberty. What father gives his son a snake when he asks for a fish? We all seek true joy (the presence of God) whether we know it or not. A good father provides the means for that desire to be fulfilled, not perverted. A good government, likewise, should provide what is best for its people, not give them license to sin and possibly suffer eternal damnation.
Thus, in general, as catholic lay person, we have the moral obligation of discerning if the act has to stay in the sphere of the morality or if it also has to be punished by the law, by an entrance in the sphere of the penal law of State: the penal law of the State does not have to be the principle and the rule.