When I was a freshman college student (majoring in Criminal Justice) I did a 9 page term paper for my U.S. History & Government class on General Douglas MacArthur. MacArthur was tasked with planning the invasion of the Japanese home islands, and he estimated he would need 1 million men for the invasion.
If memory serves, the Japanese were given notice to surrender BEFORE the first bomb was dropped, and were CERTAINLY asked once more to surrender AFTER the initial attack.
Many have said here in this thread that despite the horrifying devastation of the bombs, they definitely saved lives. As a patriotic American, I am all for that. I am sure that many Japanese lives were saved as well. I read in a National Geographic Magazine a few years ago that the War Department had so many Purple Hearts made (for those who don’t know… a medal given to American soldiers for being wounded or killed in combat) in preparation for the invasion of Japan, that they were not all used up until 2000! That’s a lot of carnage.
In conclusion, I do think those attacks were a necessary “evil,” and a far better alternative than any other option. They had several chances to surrender, but chose not to take it. The Japanese ALSO had the option not to start the war.