Ask A Buddhist

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Great questions!
  1. The universe is taught to be something that has always existed in some form or another, but constantly expands or contracts, being re-formed during the re-expansion phase.
Is the universe re-formed the exact same way it was before or it’s transformed into a whole new universe? If the universe is re-formed over and over and over after the end of the times, doesn’t it automatically make us “eternal” beings? Because after trillions of years, when the universe is re-formed again, we will be re-formed again and the History will repeate itself infinite times?
 
2 Questions:
  1. Do Buddhists believe in God, the creator of the universe?
  2. Buddhism is a system. Who created the system and maintains it?
  1. Buddhists believe that the universe is without a creator and that there is no omnipotent deity.
  2. I’m sorry, but could you elaborate on your question? I don’t quite understand what you mean.
 
I’m on here because studying other religions is a hobby of mine. Weird past time, I know 😃 In terms of Christian theology I have come to the conclusion that either the Catholic or Orthodox Churches have the strongest claim to being the form of Christianity that is the most in line with the Bible and the Early Church teachings, and I have always had a profound respect for these institutions as a force of good in the world.

The only real reason why I started the Ask a Buddhist thread was because I sort of want to break the ice with you all and get to know you a bit better and I think this is a good place to start.
Thank you for not taking offense, and thanks for the explanation as well. I should have also said “Welcome!” 👍
 
Is Chesterton correct when he describes Buddhism as a system of seeing others as self and loving the self as opposed to seeing others and loving them? How does one passionately love himself?

Also is suffering something to escape or something to embrace for the love of God and others?

Where is the justice in being punished for actions you have no recollection of? Like in reincarnation.

Thanks
Unfortunately, Chesterton, the intellectual giant that he was, didn’t have access to accurate sources on Buddhism. They were probably all second hand sources based on faulty translations. This is rather a shame because I have always wondered what Chesterton would have said about Buddhism if he did have accurate sources.

Probably, he mistakenly thought that Buddhism taught that everyone is part of some super mystical oneness, or some other weird pantheistic new age concept, when it doesn’t.

Buddhism affirms the importance of love between all different peoples. We have a teaching on four different types of meditation called the Brahma Viharas (The Sublime Abidings) that are based on goodwill, compassion, sympathetic joy, and equanimnity. The first three of these are all different flavours of love, so to speak, and they are stressed quite a bit.

In Mahayana Buddhism, the form practiced in China, Korea, Taiwan, and Japan, Love is emphasized even more. Mahayana practitioners vow to eventually become fully enlightened Buddhas for the purpose of liberating many people.

Suffering is something to escape from, but it should be noted that there is a bit of a terminology gap here. The original Pali word for suffering is the word Dukha, and it more means discontentment or dissatisfaction than suffering. It is purely mental. Ones physical difficulties and difficulties of circumstance should be dealt with a spirit of forbearance and endurance.

I think I should reiterate that negative rebirth as a result from bad deeds isn’t really like punishment. It is like putting your hand in a camp fire and getting burned: The end result is the natural result of the cause.
 
So great to have you here, and what a wonderful idea to start this thread!

I admire what you say about the universal teachings and universal ethical principles of the religion you follow.

My first question:

What did you find when you studied biblical texts from a historical/critical standpoint that encouraged you to rethink and then step away from your Lutheran/Christian upbringing…and which teachings in Buddhism seemed to you to be an “improvement” or “better” (for lack of better words) on that?

(or is the latter part already answered with what you said about “universality”?)
I mostly started learning about source criticism of the old testament with things like the documentary hypothesis and such, but that didn’t really challenge my faith until I started looking at the new testament. I looked at the basic timeline of the events just after the death of Jesus (the council of Jerusalem, the Galatian controversy, etc…) and then started noticing the strong similarities between early Christianity and the various other religions in the Roman world at the time, such as Neo-platonism and the various Greek mystery religions like the cult of Dionysus

I eventually came to the conclusion that the most likely explanation for the the content of the new testament was that there was a blending of ideas between Judaism, Neo-platonism, and various mystery religions of the day which lead to the writing of the books of the new testament and the beliefs of the early Christians who would latter be recognized as orthodox.

The big deal for me in regards to Buddhism was that it didn’t present its texts as being divinely inspired, but as works whose teachings and methods were open to verification through putting them into practice. To me this seemed to be more epistemologicaly sound.
 
I understand that this is offered in a spirit of goodwill, and I enjoy this conversation quite a bit. I appreciate the respect.

The cornerstone of murder is the intentional taking of human life based on either greed, hatred, or delusion. These three things are sometimes referred to as the roots of evil, and all actions that are based on them are at least partially unskillful (that is to say, will lead to future unhappiness in this life or in future lives.)

The only form of killing that really avoids this totally is killing in defense of self or others. Even capital punishment has an unskillful result on those directly responsible for the execution, so surely the acts of the Nazis would be, regardless of the laws.

I think it is important to note here that these principles are not prescriptive, but descriptive. They are not laws in the sense of rules that are backed up by authority and whose transgressions are punished, but a description of a naturalistic mental process that determines one’s next life. It is like how the law of gravity works not as a rule that is proclaimed, but is a description of motion.
This is what I don’t understand. If a person (Nazi guard, suicide bomber) kills innocent people but for whatever reason, truly believes what he is doing is right and good, then what outside authority or standard judges otherwise, judges that it is bad?
 
“In Buddhism there is no self. We are mistaken in taking what we think is our real self as actually existing.”

If there is no self, what does the perceiving (seeing, hearing, tasting, remembering, thinking, etc) and on what do these perceptions act? How is it that I am aware only of my perceptions and my thoughts? Or is “there is no self” meant to be taken metaphorically?
I
Decartes argued that the existance of these perceptions (but not their trustworthiness) and the existance of the self on which they acted were the primary things of which we could be sure. What would be a Buddist response to this? If you don’t believe in a self, do you believe that the perceptions are real?
This is a really sticky issue, mostly due to the fact that there is a huge linguistic barrier between Pali and Sanskrit on the one hand, and English on the other. The teaching really has to do with how the mind has this process of identifying with various things. We percieve the body and we form a mental concept of identity that includes this. We see the body as being some sort of core of being.

The same can go for various mental things such as our thoughts, memories, etc…

It is this process of identification that is the problem. The biggest reason why this teaching is so hard to grasp is that the only way to really get it is to practice meditation and actually observe this process and the impermanent nature of mental and physical phenomenon.

I hope that helps. If not, just ask again.
 
Is the universe re-formed the exact same way it was before or it’s transformed into a whole new universe? If the universe is re-formed over and over and over after the end of the times, doesn’t it automatically make us “eternal” beings? Because after trillions of years, when the universe is re-formed again, we will be re-formed again and the History will repeate itself infinite times?
I am fairly sure it would form differently.
 
I have a couple of questions…


  1. *]I’ve seen Buddhists pray to Buddha. Does that mean he is conscious right now? Rather than being just “dead”?
    *]Are there any supernatural beings in Buddhism. Like angels and demons? I read somewhere Buddha was tempted by a demon named “Mara”.
    *]What about life after death?
 
If we are reborn, then why don’t we remember our previous lives? I’ve heard some random stories here and there that people claimed to remember, but I’ve never really been able to see them without skepticism. Our memories and personalities are tied to our brains - neuroscience proves this. Therefore I feel we could really only ever be connected to one body. After all, we say “give me a hug”, not “give the body I am currently occupying a hug”.

When I was a Hindu I read various explanations as to why we could not remember previous lives, but it always begged the question of why, not how. If I were there in another life in some way I should be able to remember it. I can sense the presence of God here and now, but I can only assume that I’ve lived previous lives since any recollection or experience of them is lost to me (presumably burned or buried with the brain I was in).
 
  1. I’ve seen Buddhists pray to Buddha. Does that mean he is conscious right now? Rather than being just “dead”?
AIUI, the Catholic Church recognises the difference between dulia and latria. In theory a Buddhist can only offer the equivalent of dulia, respect or reverence, to the Buddha. In practice, I suspect that the difference between that and praying is non-existent.

The Buddha attained nirvana at age 35. He died age 80, at his parinirvana. The current status of the Buddha is one of the unanswerable questions listed in scripture. Any attempt to describe parinirvana is domed to failure, because mere human words are incapable of doing so.

One of the best descriptions comes from the Bodhisattva Vimalakirti:

Then the Bodhisattva Manjushri said to Vimalakirti, “We have all given our teachings, noble sir. Now, may you elucidate the teaching of the the entrance into the principle of nonduality.”

Thereupon Vimalakirti kept his silence, saying nothing at all.

The Bodhisattva Manjushri applauded Vimalakirti: “Excellent! Excellent, noble sir! This is indeed the entrance into the nonduality of the Bodhisattvas.”
  1. Are there any supernatural beings in Buddhism. Like angels and demons? I read somewhere Buddha was tempted by a demon named “Mara”.
There are dozens of gods, demons, gandhabbas, kinnaras etc. in the Theravada scriptures. There are tens of thousands of gods, demons, gandharvas, kinnaras etc. in the Mahayana scriptures. Mara is the approximate equivalent of Satan, he attempted to prevent the Buddha attaining enlightenment.
  1. What about life after death?
There are six traditional destinations: deva, asura, human, animal, preta and hell-being. Devas and asuras are gods. The two are sometimes merged to give five destinations. Pretas are also called ‘hungry ghosts’, and live an unhappy life being perpetually hungry, but not as unhappy as in the hells; perhaps a bit like the Catholic purgatory. Pretas and asuras originated from the Indian background and are less mentioned in China and Japan.

All destinations are temporary, including the heavens and the hells. There is a finite reward for a finite good deed, and a finite penalty for a finite bad deed. The Abhidharmakosha lists 27 heavens and 16 hells, eight hot and eight cold.

The exception is someone who is enlightened at death. They attain final nirvana, parinirvana.

rossum
 
If we are reborn, then why don’t we remember our previous lives?
If we are born, then why don’t we remember spending nine months in the womb and actually being born? There is a great deal of our past that happened yet we don’t remember it happening.

If you are really interested, then the instructions on how to remember are given in chapter 13 of the Visuddhimagga.

rossum
 
This is what I don’t understand. If a person (Nazi guard, suicide bomber) kills innocent people but for whatever reason, truly believes what he is doing is right and good, then what outside authority or standard judges otherwise, judges that it is bad?
The law of karma is a purely naturalistic process that occurs. Think of it like gravity: There is no outside authority that judges and enforces the attraction between bodies, but it still happens.
 
I have a couple of questions…


  1. *]I’ve seen Buddhists pray to Buddha. Does that mean he is conscious right now? Rather than being just “dead”?
    *]Are there any supernatural beings in Buddhism. Like angels and demons? I read somewhere Buddha was tempted by a demon named “Mara”.
    *]What about life after death?

  1. Excelent questions again! I am pleasantly surprised to get such interest in my thread and get to know so many wonderful people. Thank you every body. Keep the questions commin’!
    1. Usually when you see people “praying” to the Buddha, they aren’t actually addressing the Buddha. They are usually chanting something to themselves for some sort of benefit. For example, when I prostrate before a Buddha image, I do some chanting about the various qualities of the Buddha and make the resolution to be more like him. Other sects chant various mantras that are believed to have an innate ability to transform the chanter for the better.
    That being said, some people do actually directly address the Buddha and ask for favors and such. Some sects of Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhism see these beings as still existing in some trancendental way and being able to help people, whereas in Theravada Buddhism (The kind I follow) this kind of thing is largely seen as a form of superstitious folk religion that is just based on misunderstanding. This is because Theravada Buddhism teaches that when an enlightened being dies and enters into Parinibbana, which is a trancendental and unconditioned state, it is impossible to contact or speak with such a being anymore.
    1. There are various beings that are what some would call supernatural such as hell beings and heavenly beings. However they aren’t really that different from us. They eventually grow old and die and are part of the same cycle of rebirth as us. We can be reborn in the heavens or in hell or any of these things based on our actions.
    Mara is often portrayed similarly to a demon, but that is only in a sense of him tempting the Buddha. There are varied opinions as to who Mara is. The classical view is that he is actually a relatively high ranking being in one of the heavenly realms, but it is also widely held that Mara is just an allegorical figure who symbolizes the temptations that go on in our own hearts.
    1. When one dies, one is reborn into another life. It could be in hell, as an animal, as a petta spirit, as a human, or as a being in heaven. This is mostly based on our deeds.
 
If we are born, then why don’t we remember spending nine months in the womb and actually being born? There is a great deal of our past that happened yet we don’t remember it happening.

If you are really interested, then the instructions on how to remember are given in chapter 13 of the Visuddhimagga.

rossum
I think we’re unconscious before we’re born. When we’re little, we remember only bits and pieces of our lives because our brains’ memory systems aren’t totally up and running yet. We remember feelings and reactions more than anything. - survival stuff. As we get older, most people actually do make up memories to fill in the void, so to speak; they also mistake dream experiences for actual events. People can also be very easily talked into “remembering” something that never happened. We may also remember things we don’t remember remembering! For example, déjà-vu often makes people think they’re in a place that they’re never been in before in this life, but they have. They simply don’t remember it, and their family may not either.

One of the big questions is, if we are reborn, why don’t we carry over some level of intelligence? For example, everyone still needs to be taught how to read, speak, use the toilet, get dressed, eat, etc. We’re taught manners and social interaction. If we had lives before, wouldn’t we remember some of this? Even if I had lived in another culture, for example China, I should be able to understand Chinese beyond whatever I had had contact with in my current life so far (for example, coming across a Chinese restaurant menu that has its dishes listed in both Chinese and English; I’m able to figure out patterns in the characters to know one means “shrimp”; several years later I see “shrimp” on a sign and think I must have lived a past life in China because I don’t remember the time I taught myself “shrimp”).
 
If we are reborn, then why don’t we remember our previous lives? I’ve heard some random stories here and there that people claimed to remember, but I’ve never really been able to see them without skepticism. Our memories and personalities are tied to our brains - neuroscience proves this. Therefore I feel we could really only ever be connected to one body. After all, we say “give me a hug”, not “give the body I am currently occupying a hug”.

When I was a Hindu I read various explanations as to why we could not remember previous lives, but it always begged the question of why, not how. If I were there in another life in some way I should be able to remember it. I can sense the presence of God here and now, but I can only assume that I’ve lived previous lives since any recollection or experience of them is lost to me (presumably burned or buried with the brain I was in).
The best explanation in my opinion is that death and being reborn is a traumatic process. Also, you sort of answered your own question when you say that our memories are tied to our brains…

It is good you bring up the example of how we say “give me a hug” rather than “give the body I am currently occupying a hug.” One thing to note is that figures of speech can be based on false perceptions and assumptions. We often talk about sunrise and sunset in common speech, but this doesn’t shed light on the issue of whether or not the sun goes around the earth.

It is also good to bring up because it illustrates a key difference in the understanding of Buddhist rebirth as opposed to that of other religions. Buddhism doesn’t teach that we have a spirit that takes on a new body every life form. Instead, we believe that the mind is a continuous process and this process continues after death in a new form.

On a completely unrelated sidenote, is your username a reference to a character from The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time? I love that game!
 
The law of karma is a purely naturalistic process that occurs. Think of it like gravity: There is no outside authority that judges and enforces the attraction between bodies, but it still happens.
So this naturalistic process can distinguish between a suicide bomber killing a room full of school children, and a guard shooting the suicide bomber before he can kill the room full of school children?
 
So this naturalistic process can distinguish between a suicide bomber killing a room full of school children, and a guard shooting the suicide bomber before he can kill the room full of school children?
This naturalistic process is a psychological one, so yes. A suicide bomber forms an intention of causing harm, which, when coupled with the actual act, has a spiritually negative effect. In contrast, the guard who shoots him has no such intention because his mind is motivated by compassion for the school children to prevent them from being harmed, and so the effect is different.
 
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