the ‘supreme deity’ is not an entity. Whatever exists, exists through it. A simpler way to understand it is with a jar. Now this jar can contain things, but the jar itself does nothing but contain that which exists in the jar .
This analogy is a bit hard to follow because the jar itself
is an entity. I think I understand what you’re getting at, nonetheless, but it’s hard to wrap my head around for a few reasons.
Another user referred you to Aquinas, and while I’d recommend Aquinas on ontological matters like this, I’d suggest going to third parties since Aquinas’ Summa is very dense and uses terminology that would be difficult to grasp without sufficient background. Nevertheless, one of the broad conceptual frameworks he uses is that of essence and existence where essence is
what something is and existence is
that something is, to put it in simple terms. Aquinas states that whatever a thing has besides its essence must be caused by constituent principles of that essence (like a human’s essence entails the capacity for laughter) or by an exterior agent (as fire causes water to be hot). But it is impossible for a thing’s existence to be caused by its essential constituent principles because nothing can cause its own existence (it must exist, first, in order to act or cause). Just as a stick on fire is not fire itself (it is on fire by participation in the cause, “fire”), any entity which exists but is not existence itself, does so by participation. Therefore, any being for which existence is not a part of its essence, exists through participation, or by being caused by an external agent.
Now, you might say that existence is a part of the essence of all of the gods you believe in. The gods, however, differ in their capacities or essence. This would mean that something necessarily had to precede the existence of these gods to establish the genera from which the gods would arise (or at the very least, there would be a causal order to which the gods were generated, whereby the privations of one god were attributed to the essence of another). Co-eternality just doesn’t work, because if the play of the gods was not orchestrated by an intelligent being who could create the gods within mutually exclusive domains, then you’re left with some unexplained “magic” of the gods self-organizing in such a manner.
I also take issue with the idea of a hierarchical system. This would imply that, were there disagreement, the lesser god could always be quashed by the greater. And if a “coup” was possible, the universe would be in complete chaos. But we know that not to be the case. We have well-established scientific laws that have yielded great predictive successes. So if there’s never a “coup” and the gods always agree, what distinguishes them? If the god of air and water never quarrel (bubbles appearing out of nothing at the depths of the ocean, for example) then a merger between the gods would be feasible with no perceptible difference. This merging process could proceed on
ad infinitum until you arrive at one god.