Unlike the other sacraments which by their nature require either physical acts (Holy Communion, Baptism, etc.) or witnesses (Matrimony), I dont see the essential role the priest plays in the forgiveness of sins. I have even heard many Catholics say things like “you arent really talking to the priest in the confessional, youre talking to Jesus, he is just standing in for Him”, and that mindset makes the priests presence seem unnecessary.
I’m sure Father will answer your question better, but here goes:
Matt. 14: But Jesus said to them, They have no need to go: give you them to eat.
[17] They answered him: We have not here, but five loaves, and two fishes.
This miracle foreshadows not only the Holy Eucharist, but all 7 Sacraments. The five loaves represent the five Sacraments of the Living (that is, the five Sacraments which one can only receive when one is in the state of sanctifying grace, the Divine Life of God). The two fish represent Baptism and Penance, the Sacraments of the Dead (“dead” meaning that one is
not in the state of sanctifying grace but in the state of original or mortal sin).
John 20: 21 et seq. w/ footnote:
[[21]] He said therefore to them again: Peace be to you. As the Father hath sent me, I also send you.
[22] When he had said this, he breathed on them; and he said to them: Receive ye the Holy Ghost.
[23] Whose sins you shall forgive, they are forgiven them; and whose sins you shall retain, they are retained.
[24]
[23] “Whose sins”: See here the commission, stamped by the broad seal of heaven, by virtue of which the pastors of Christ’s church absolve repenting sinners upon their confession.
Our Lord instituted the Sacrament of Penance the same day He rose from the dead. This shows that the Sacrament of Penance restores sanctifying grace, the Divine Life of God and revivifies the soul.
Also, when we sin, we offend God and hurt our neighbor as well as ourselves. I can make an act of perfect contrition outside of confession and be reconciled to God. However, the Church doesn’t know the interior state of my soul, only God. The Sacrament of Penance reconciles the penitent not only with God but the Church as well.
In the Early Church, public sinners (e.g. thieves) could not receive Holy Communion. They had to confess their sins (publicly! - not like today) and do penance and after a period of time then they could go to Holy Communion.
In 1 Cor. 12: 25-27, St. Paul writes about how our actions affect the entire Church, the Mystical Body of Christ. Your prayers can help me and others. My sins hurt you and the whole Church. When I go to confession and am reconciled with God, I am also reconciled with the Church as well as spiritually (and sometimes physically) healed.
Does that help?