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Mannyfit75
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There are two Manuscripts. These are old.
Codex Vaticanus, and Codex Sinaiticus.
Codex Sinaiticus (Shelfmarks and references: London, Brit. Libr., Additional 43725; Gregory-Aland nº א (Aleph) or 01, Soden δ 2) is one of the most important hand-written ancient copies of the Greek Bible. It was written in the 4th century, in uncial letters. It was found in the 19th century at the Greek Monastery of Mount Sinai, and most of it is today in the British Library.[1] Originally it contained the whole of both Testaments. The Greek Old Testament (i.e. Septuagint) survived almost complete, along with a complete New Testament, plus the Epistle of Barnabas, and portions of The Shepherd of Hermas.
The Codex Vaticanus (The Vatican, Bibl. Vat., Vat. gr. 1209; Gregory-Aland no. B or 03, Soden δ 1) is one of the oldest and most valuable extant manuscripts of the Greek Bible. It is likely slightly older than Codex Sinaiticus[1], both of which were probably transcribed in the 4th century. It is written in Greek, on vellum, with uncial letters. Because it was not often used, it has survived to the present day in very good condition.
Vaticanus originally contained a complete copy of the Septuagint (“LXX”) except for 1-4 Maccabees and the Prayer of Manasseh. Genesis 1:1 - 46:28a (31 leaves) and Psalm 105:27 — 137:6b (10 leaves) are lost and have been filled by a recent hand. 2 Kings 2:5-7, 10-13 are also lost due to a tear in one of the pages. The order of the Old Testament books is as follows: Genesis to 2 Chronicles as normal, 1 Esdras, 2 Esdras (Ezra-Nehemiah), the Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs, Job, Wisdom, Ecclesiasticus, Esther, Judith, Tobit, the minor prophets from Hosea to Malachi, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Baruch, Lamentations and the Epistle of Jeremiah, Ezekiel and Daniel.
The extant New Testament of Vaticanus contains the Gospels, Acts, the General Epistles, the Pauline Epistles and the Epistle to the Hebrews (up to Heb 9:14, καθαριει); thus it lacks 1 and 2 Timothy, Titus, Philemon and Revelation. These missing pages were replaced by a 15th century minuscule supplement (no. 1957).
A section of the Codex Vaticanus, containing 1 Esdras 2:1-8The Greek is written continuously with small neat writing, later retraced by a 10th (or 11th) century scribe. Punctuation is rare (accents and breathings have been added by a later hand) except for some blank spaces, diaeresis on initial iotas and upsilons, abbreviations of the nomina sacra and markings of OT citations.
The manuscript contains mysterious double dots (so called “umlauts”) in the margin of the New Testament, which seem to mark places of textual uncertainty. There are 795 of these in the text and around another 40 that are uncertain. The date of these markings are disputed among scholars and are discussed in a link below[2]. Two such “umlauts” can be seen in the left margin of the first column (top image).
On page 1512, next to Hebrews 1:3, the text contains an interesting marginal note, “Fool and knave, can’t you leave the old reading alone and not alter it!”—“ἀμαθέστατε καὶ κακέ, ἄφες τὸν παλαιόν, μὴ μεταποίει” which suggests that inaccurate copying, either intentional or unintentional, was a known problem in scriptoriums.[3] The uppermost picture of this article shows the page where this remark is found (In the middle of the yellow page, between 1st and 2nd column).
Codex Vaticanus, and Codex Sinaiticus.
Codex Sinaiticus (Shelfmarks and references: London, Brit. Libr., Additional 43725; Gregory-Aland nº א (Aleph) or 01, Soden δ 2) is one of the most important hand-written ancient copies of the Greek Bible. It was written in the 4th century, in uncial letters. It was found in the 19th century at the Greek Monastery of Mount Sinai, and most of it is today in the British Library.[1] Originally it contained the whole of both Testaments. The Greek Old Testament (i.e. Septuagint) survived almost complete, along with a complete New Testament, plus the Epistle of Barnabas, and portions of The Shepherd of Hermas.
The Codex Vaticanus (The Vatican, Bibl. Vat., Vat. gr. 1209; Gregory-Aland no. B or 03, Soden δ 1) is one of the oldest and most valuable extant manuscripts of the Greek Bible. It is likely slightly older than Codex Sinaiticus[1], both of which were probably transcribed in the 4th century. It is written in Greek, on vellum, with uncial letters. Because it was not often used, it has survived to the present day in very good condition.
Vaticanus originally contained a complete copy of the Septuagint (“LXX”) except for 1-4 Maccabees and the Prayer of Manasseh. Genesis 1:1 - 46:28a (31 leaves) and Psalm 105:27 — 137:6b (10 leaves) are lost and have been filled by a recent hand. 2 Kings 2:5-7, 10-13 are also lost due to a tear in one of the pages. The order of the Old Testament books is as follows: Genesis to 2 Chronicles as normal, 1 Esdras, 2 Esdras (Ezra-Nehemiah), the Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs, Job, Wisdom, Ecclesiasticus, Esther, Judith, Tobit, the minor prophets from Hosea to Malachi, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Baruch, Lamentations and the Epistle of Jeremiah, Ezekiel and Daniel.
The extant New Testament of Vaticanus contains the Gospels, Acts, the General Epistles, the Pauline Epistles and the Epistle to the Hebrews (up to Heb 9:14, καθαριει); thus it lacks 1 and 2 Timothy, Titus, Philemon and Revelation. These missing pages were replaced by a 15th century minuscule supplement (no. 1957).
A section of the Codex Vaticanus, containing 1 Esdras 2:1-8The Greek is written continuously with small neat writing, later retraced by a 10th (or 11th) century scribe. Punctuation is rare (accents and breathings have been added by a later hand) except for some blank spaces, diaeresis on initial iotas and upsilons, abbreviations of the nomina sacra and markings of OT citations.
The manuscript contains mysterious double dots (so called “umlauts”) in the margin of the New Testament, which seem to mark places of textual uncertainty. There are 795 of these in the text and around another 40 that are uncertain. The date of these markings are disputed among scholars and are discussed in a link below[2]. Two such “umlauts” can be seen in the left margin of the first column (top image).
On page 1512, next to Hebrews 1:3, the text contains an interesting marginal note, “Fool and knave, can’t you leave the old reading alone and not alter it!”—“ἀμαθέστατε καὶ κακέ, ἄφες τὸν παλαιόν, μὴ μεταποίει” which suggests that inaccurate copying, either intentional or unintentional, was a known problem in scriptoriums.[3] The uppermost picture of this article shows the page where this remark is found (In the middle of the yellow page, between 1st and 2nd column).
, would not Peter do the same?