OK… you’re asking two distinct and quite different questions here, so let’s take them one at a time…
"Markie Boy:
I watched a Fr. Barron clip where he stated the second largest religion in the US would be ex-Catholics. If they end up in a Baptist or Lutheran church they are not ignorant of the difference - so they can not be saved??? I don’t think current church teaching supports this.
This is where Catholicism starts to loose credibility to me and I hesitate. When the answer is clear and you deny it, you loose credibility, and then people start to question you in other areas.
Let’s take a person who is Baptist or Lutheran and ask the question about the possibility of their salvation – it’s not just one case, but in fact, distinctly different cases…
- A person whose family has been Lutheran for generations, and who was a Lutheran all his life
- A person who was baptized in the Catholic Church but later left the Church and decided to become a Baptist
- Luther and those who followed him in his time – who were Catholic, but left the Church and began a new denomination
In the first case – the life-long Lutheran – I think that the Church would say that he is related to the Church in particular ways, not the least of which are his baptism, his love of Scripture, his devotion to a prayer life (see
Lumen Gentium, paragraph #15). For him, the question of salvation would seem not to be problematic.
The second and third cases, however, are different in an important way: in these cases, we have people who are (presumably) well-catechized, who participate in the sacramental life of the Church, and who should know that the fullness of the truth resides in the Catholic Church. For them, then, the abandonment of the Church in favor of a denomination which – while it may be Christian, and spirit-filled – would objectively
not have the fullness of the truth in the way that the Catholic Church does. For these people, then, the possibility of their salvation is at a serious crossroads with dire consequences. The Church does, in fact, teach this: in Lumen Gentium, paragraph 14, the Council Fathers, in the section on “the Catholic faithful,” wrote, “whosoever, knowing that the Catholic Church was made necessary to Christ, would refuse to enter or to remain in it, could not be saved.”
So, it’s not just whether a person is Catholic vs Protestant – it’s the particular situation that’s important to consider!
" We declare, say, define, and pronounce that it is absolutely necessary for the salvation of every human creature to be subject to the Roman Pontiff. (Pope Boniface VIII, the Bull Unam Sanctam, 1302.) "
I don’t think current church teaching supports this, based on talking to our local priest. So - does this mean Pope Boniface VIII was wrong?
Rev Francis Sullivan,
in his book, discusses the context of this papal bull. It’s important to remember that Church documents are written in a particular historical context, and always address that context; if we try to remove them from that context, we run the risk of misunderstanding what they’re attempting to say. In this particular context, there was the issue of supremacy of leadership:
the pope and the king of France (Philip IV) were arguing over who was the higher authority. The conflict between the two had been going on for a while, and had exploded in a number of different skirmishes. In 1301, Philip went after a bishop on false charges, and had him tried and imprisoned. This action implied that the
king, rather than the
pope, had control of the clergy.
Eventually, Boniface wrote
Unam Sanctam, which had one and only one goal: asserting that the power of the pope was of a higher order than that of any king. The final sentence of that bull, which you quote, is striking: it does appear to attempt to state, in terms that (these days) would be considered an exercise of magisterial teaching (and therefore, a teaching that is infallible), an irrefutable doctrine. Yet, what does it mean? The traditional reading of that sentence is that one must be “in the communion with the Catholic Church in order to be saved” (cf Sullivan 1992, p. 65). However, if we take that sentence in the context of the entire Bull, then we see a slightly different reading: the idea of “every human creature” isn’t making a statement that distinguishes between Catholics and non-Catholics, but rather, one that asserts that every human creature,
even kings, must submit to the authority of the pope.
So, in this case, I would say that Boniface is making a claim that isn’t refuted by later doctrinal statements: although it addresses
both submission to papal authority and salvation, it’s clearly an assertion about submission to papal authority.