@Annie I don’t know if you are arguing for the sake of arguing or just want to have the last word or what. Did ask if I read your link - did you read the link I posted? I have quoted it below for you.
Basically how I interpret it may be different than how you interpret it - and that might be because I don’t believe in making excuses for sin. Adam did this when he tried to blame Eve for their fall, instead of accepting responsibility for his own actions. Both of them sinned. Taking things that don’t belong to you is a sin. Yes, there can be mitigating circumstances, but those aren’t simply how much was stolen, but for what purpose. In the case of need, such as stealing a loaf of bread, this might not be a sin or might only be a venial sin, but it could very well still be a crime, so I see theft as serious. As for being a mortal sin, if it meets all three criteria of mortal sin, it is mortal sin. If it doesn’t meet all three, then it isn’t mortal sin. I have posted this over and over again on this site.
So then we come to ‘serious’. Is it serious to steal $20? It might be, it might not. There are a lot of things to consider, time, place, economy, etc, but rather than trying to find reasons why it might not be a mortal sin, why not just avoid the sin completely?And back to the penny thing - instead of saying, it’s only a penny, why not ask for the penny and give the person a chance to be charitable, rather than stealing from them? I know this whole issue is contentious (it seems) but I prefer to err on the side of not sinning as opposed to arguing whether my sin is venial or mortal.
As for paying back - yes, even if it was venial, part of repentance is making amends, so yes, I think things should be paid back, if the person can do so.
I am happy to agree to disagree on this issue as we obviously see it differently. theologians don’t all agree on it either.
2408 The seventh commandment forbids theft, that is, usurping another’s property against the reasonable will of the owner. There is no theft if consent can be presumed or if refusal is contrary to reason and the universal destination of goods. This is the case in obvious and urgent necessity when the only way to provide for immediate, essential needs (food, shelter, clothing . . .) is to put at one’s disposal and use the property of others.191 2409 *Even if it does not contradict the provisions of civil law, any form of unjustly taking and keeping the property of others is against the seventh commandment: