Gary - This question is difficult, because “tradition” has a different meaning to different people. Nevertheless, there are some generally common strains of beliefs, preferences, and advocacies that you will encounter within the traditionalist movement:
- As you indicated, a definite preference for the Extraordinary Form of the Mass (“Latin Mass/Tridentine Mass”, etc.) and all the “outer trappings” that this Mass entails: Communion at the rail, not in the hand; women wearing veils to Mass, Gregorian Chant, etc.
- Heightened criticism and distaste for the Novus Ordo Mass in terms of liturgical style
- A strong desire to return the Novus Ordo to the Extraordinary Form whenever and wherever possible.
- Very loyal, devout approach to Catholicism in general - Daily Rosaries, Weekly confessions, vigorously incorporating traditional Catholic practices into one’s daily routine, etc. I would go so far as to say that a large percentage of traditionalists take their faith very seriously, and are quite devoted to their faith. Best word: Zealous.
- A preference for home-schooling their children.
- A very pro-family, anti-abortion, anti-contraception stance
- An advocacy for the Douay-Rheims as the most “authentic” version of the Bible
- A generally highly critical attitude towards ecumenical efforts of the Pope
- A certain segment of the traditionalist movement hold anti-semitic views - as in the case of the radical anti-semitic beliefs of Holocaust-denier Bishop Williamson of the SSPX. This is by far one of the worst characteristics of the movement in general, and a major detraction from its positive elements.
- A generally highly critical attitude towards the liturgical and “philosophical” changes that have taken place within the Church since Vatican II. If not overt, certainly an underlying current of anti-Vatican II criticism and rhetoric among its adherents.
- A very strict, literal interpretation of pre-Vatican II Church doctrine and teachings without taking into account historical context or later changes that have taken place within the Church. Adherence to the “literal” interpretation instead of the “spirit” of the teaching.
- A very narrow, insular, almost stubborn outlook towards others that disagree with their “traditionalist” views, such that traditionalists can sometimes come across as extremist and harsh
Again, I am speaking in general terms. Not all traditionalists fall into this category, but if you spend any time studying the subculture of this very tiny sect of the Catholic Church, you will certainly encounter some or all of the above.
Traditionalists are a very tiny minority of the Catholic Church, but certainly one of the most vocal.
What makes a “traditionalist a traditionalist” is some combination of some or all of the above preferences, beliefs, and advocacies in varying degrees. The list is not all inclusive, and certainly is not all encompassing. There are great positives, and some glaring negatives. There is no one singular element, but this will give you a general snapshot of the movement in general.