As I’ve mentioned before, I don’t think the Catechism is all that helpful for laypeople as the Catechism wasn’t written for laypeople. The Catechism was written for Bishops who have years of training and experience. To put it another way: the Catechism is almost always correct, but rarely helpful.
I’ll note a couple of things:
- What you quoted is only concerned with interpretation/exegesis and doesn’t cover what I termed the “prayerful” reading of scripture or the “mystical” reading of scripture.
Prayerful reading can be considered invocatory (or alternatively supplicatory) reading: it occurs when a selection from the Bible or a Psalm is read in Church as part of Mass, or when, for example, you read privately a penitential psalm as you pray for forgiveness, or even when an exorcist reads from a psalm or a gospel to drive out a demon. In all these cases, the Holy Scripture is not being read for what the CCC calls it’s literal, moral, allegorical, or anagological sense (though the Priest presiding over the Mass, may, during the homily refer to the readings in one or more of these literal or figurative senses) but as a part of a public or private supplication to God for Him to express his power and grace for a particular purpose.
Mystical reading is distinct from exegesis in that exegesis is concerned with the means of understanding a biblical passage while mystical reading is concerned with developing an intuitive connection to a passage, without or rather beyond, what we usually mean by the term “understanding.” If we consider prayerful reading as invocatory, the use of Scripture to reach out to God, perhaps we can consider mystical reading as evocatory, the use of Scripture to (for lack of a better phrase) bring God to you.
An example (perhaps a terrible example since I am not a mystic) of a mystical reading might be to read an account of The Passion, deeply contemplating Christ’s suffering, trying to imagine what it might be like to have been wounded as Christ was wounded, or to try and imagine and feel the emotions of his Blessed Mother and Disciple as they watched Our Lord be crucified. This is distinct from a literal or figurative reading because the mystical reader in this example is trying to intuit emotions and feelings that are not in the actual text. An alternative example of a mystical reading, might be to meditate on a gospel passage or psalm, for the purpose of entering a trance-like/mystical state where you are more receptive to God.
- The division of the four exegetical categories into what the Catechism calls “literal” or “spiritual” is somewhat arbitrary with the CCC’s “spiritual” category falling somewhat under what I would term “figurative”: that is to say allegorically, metaphorically, analogically or anagologicaly (but see final point). Note that I’m trying to find the source of the CCC’s statement regarding this division, per point three and four.
- Now with respect to the category of “moral” and the CCC’s allocation of it to the “spiritual” category makes me question the correctness of CCC 115-118.
I will note it is not figurative when God writes “Thou Shalt Not Kill”, that’s a literal statement of God’s moral law, while many of Christ’s parables are, or contain, figurative statements of God’s moral law. So the Moral Law is presented to us literally and figuratively.
The CCC cites St. Paul stating that we read the Bible for “our instruction” but this is a statement by the Apostle as to
why we read the Bible, not
how as to how we read it. In 1 Corinthians x, cited by the CCC, St. Paul recites the various sins of the Israelites during the Exodus (that is he reads the Bible historically and literally, though he also reads it figuratively with respect to the Parting of the Red Sea) and notes that these are examples of things “not to do” and as cited by the CCC are in the Bible, in part, for our instruction. In other words, the moral understanding of stories in the Bible (sometimes called the didactic understanding) is something we get
from the Bible reading it literally or figuratively, just as we get historical understanding or sapiential understanding or prophetical understanding, and that’s a completely different thing from how to
read the bible.
- Which brings us to the traditional division of the books of the Bible and the contents of those books into Historical, Didactic, Sapiential, and Prophetical categories. So it seems (at first) that the CCC and the Medieval Couplet they are quoting here, seems to be conflating two completely different things the “Why/What” and the “How”.
However, it only seems that way, I’m actually very glad you quoted this, I have read this section of the CCC long ago, and it didn’t stick with me (clearly), but now having looked at it with the benefit of some experience since you quoted it to me, I have to say this is the first time I felt necessary to write the sentence “almost always correct, but usually not helpful” instead of just “correct, but usually not helpful” with respect to the CCC. As noted in point 3, pending a review of the source material that the CCC bases the whole of this section on, it just isn’t correct to say we read the Bible in a “moral sense” we read the Bible to build our “moral sense”.
I believe the CCC gets the couplet, and this section, wrong.
The couplet cited in the CCC is better read as a statement on the types of books in the Bible: “The Letter for Deeds, Allegory to Faith, Moral to Acts, Anagogy to Destiny” is a direct reference to the subject matter in the bible and the ancient division of books into Historical, Sapiential, Didactic and Prophetical categories. It’s a statement on “what” not “how”.
I am sure I am in the minority on this, but so be it.
Yours in Christ,
Trevor