graciew–I will attempt to help in an understanding of anamnesis. The way it is presented by Ratzinger in his essay Conscience and Truth does assume some understanding of philosophy, particularly from Plato to Aquinas. I recall your mentioning Aquinas. So…
In Plato’s Meno, Socrates concludes that virtue is knowledge. As such, it is objective, even absolute. But Plato also believed in reincarnation and maintained that wisdom and knowledge gained during past lives could be recalled from memory. This is anamnesis, or the recollection of the past, as Plato uses the term. “Do this in memory of me” would be an example of anamnesis in its more customary modern usage.
Although Plato believed in reincarnation, he does not limit understanding to recollection. However, when he does speak of memory as a recollection of knowledge from past lives, it of course is not the voice inscribed by God that man hears in his heart (CCC 1776). This is the essential difference in the way Plato and Ratzinger use the word anamnesis. From Ratzinger’s essay:
“At this point, the whole radicality of today’s dispute over ethics and conscience, its center, becomes plain. It seems to me that the parallel in the history of thought is the quarrel between Socrates-Plato and the sophists in which the fateful decision between two fundamental positions has been rehearsed. There is, on the one hand, the position of confidence in man’s capacity for [objective] truth. On the other, there is a worldview in which man alone sets standards for himself [subjective]”.
This ancient dispute, which Ratzinger explains continues right up to the present day, contrasts man’s capacity for objectively knowing truth, or the good, against the idea that man sets standards for himself, i.e., that ethics (truth, virtue) is subjective. Ratzinger uses Plato’s theory of recollection only as an analogy to explain that the voice one hears in one’s heart (that is, the voice heard in the conscience) is (in a sense and only a sense), a “recollection” not from past lives but from the law inscribed by God on man’s heart. This truth is thus innate and an aspect of man’s nature. It is in this way that a person naturally knows right from wrong, and he knows it from the voice heard in his heart. It is of course not literally a voice but a feeling, like an intuition, its meaning understood by the intellect. And in this way even a six-year old can know right from wrong. Since moral law is inscribed by God on the heart is why “a person must obey the certain judgment of conscience” (CCC 1800) even when it is contrary to formal teaching or even against ecclesiastical authority. It cannot err. Only man can err.
The formulation is idiosyncratic, or unique, in that objective (in this case absolute) truth is subjectively known in man’s heart. With a study of philosophy from Plato to Aquinas, the terms used are more easily understood, but even an understanding of the meaning of Objective and Subjective would probably suffice. There are two main threads, or modes of thought–from Plato to Augustine and from Aristotle to Aquinas. But this is getting way ahead of ourselves.
Thank you,Thomas!
I read Blue’s and yours and I will be reading Truth and Conscience again. As both your posts again.
The objective and subjective is fairly clear.
I also went to our discussions in 2015 and found that I had already shared the Dallas 1991 with you.
There is this also from Ratzinger which is also beautiful to read ,it’ s short.
The centenary of Newmn s death
thepapalvisit.org.uk/Cardinal-Newman/The-Popes-on-Newman/Pope-Benedict-XVI-on-Newman
First centenary of the Death of Cardinal John Henry Newman
28 April 1990
Presentation by Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger:
It was from Newman that we learned to understand the primacy of the Pope. Freedom of conscience, Newman told us, is not identical with the right “to dispense with conscience, to ignore a Lawgiver and Judge, to be independent of unseen obligations”. Thus, conscience in its true sense is the bedrock of Papal authority; its power comes from revelation that completes natural conscience, which is imperfectly enlightened, and “the championship of the Moral Law and of conscience is its raison d’être”. … This teaching on conscience has become ever more important for me in the continued development of the Church and the world.
Newman had become a convert as a man of conscience; it was his conscience that led him out of the old ties and securities into the world of Catholicism, which was difficult and strange for him. But this way of conscience is everything except a way of self-sufficient subjectivity: it is a way of obedience to objective truth.
Newman’s teaching on the development of doctrine … I regard along with his doctrine on conscience as his decisive contribution to the renewal of theology.
The characteristic of the great Doctor of the Church, it seems to me, is that he teaches not only through his thought and speech but also by his life, because within him, thought and life are interpenetrated and defined. If this is so, then Newman belongs to the great teachers of the Church, because he both touches our hearts and enlightens our thinking.
Code:
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Anyway,work and dialogue in progress.
We ll keep it in our hearts,as Mary did.
The beauty is also he became Pope in 2005…
Thanks again for the time to write long answers,Blue and you,Thomas.