Agreed. Although I don’t know how far, despite what he said, Mohamed really intended his religion to go. One thing is filling his fellow arabs with feelings of mission and grandeur in order to unite them, and another entirely is the projection of those ideas beyond their intended audience. I guess it depends on whether Mohamed really believed what he was saying, or whether he was trying to motivate people who were otherwise trapped in constant infighting. Perhaps he was victim to his own rise to power.
The conditions of 7th century Arabia are manifest in the Koran and the modern muslim religion, yet those conditions are also the basis for Islam’s more positive aspects, which allow it to be more than just a testimony of religiously themed shrewd political actions. Late antiquity was a time rich in philosophical and theological discourse; Christians, Jews, Zoroastrians, Neo-Platonists, Manicheans… you name it! All these people were debating and putting forward all sorts of theories and concepts. Although I don’t find the Koran especially rich in any of them, it does often invite the reader to think and question, and has a very strong argument from design running throughout. It does serve as a solid platform to start a discussion on ethics, the nature of creation and time, the soul, or the implications of monotheism. Because it is so amorphous and cryptic, it actually creates a potentially very open space for discussing practically anything, and tying any philosophical findings to the concept of a first cause. In that sense, islam can both undogmatic yet intellectually consistent. It won’t make it agree with the events it claims to follow on from; namely, God’s genuine revelation; but it does create a homogenous system of thought that qualifies as a religion.
At its best, this form of islam was intellectual, gentle, tolerant and very creative. And most importantly, there was nothing unorthodox about it. It gave sufficient value to reason as to allow contextual readings of the Koran, which, with a fully developed philosophical concept of evil, allowed for the iffy passages to be interpreted in a more informed light.