I’m curious as to why the principle of double-effect does not apply in the specific example I cited. Let’s say an impotent man wants to adopt a child from China. Currently, only married people can adopt from that country. The impotent man obtains a civil marriage with a woman in order to adopt this child.
The act, intention, effect, etc. are all morally good. The means, i.e., obtaining the civil marriage, is neutral, at least the way I see it. In fact, I’d argue that it is more morally neutral than, say, using birth control pills for medicinal purposes if one believes they are abortifacient.
Where is my logic incorrect?
Respectfully,
In the principle of double-effect, one cannot intentionally commit an evil act just to bring about a good end. It has to be unintended even though it’s foreseen.
For those not familiar, double-effect means that a person does a morally-neutral act which has “2 effects” one evil and one good. The good act is intended, the bad one is unintended.
Example. I’m driving down the road and a small child jumps out in front of me. I swerve to avoid the child. In doing so, I hit someone else’s car and damage it. By itself, driving into someone else’s car is an evil act. I don’t “intend” to damage the other car, it is an unintended consequence of swerving to miss the child. In this case, the “act” is swerving, while the bad consequence is hitting the other car, and the good consequence is ensuring that the child will live. Intentionally hitting the car is still wrong. In this scenario, there’s no other option–it’s either the child or the car. Of course, if I can turn the other way and hit nothing, that’s the better option–but that would change the scenario and it would no longer be double effect.
Double effect has its problems. I gave an easy example above for illustration.
The problem is that one might intentionally commit the evil act, but use double-effect as an excuse. I have some vague memories that the Church has recently “cautioned” against employing the principle of double-effect, if not outright dismissed it. I’m not certain.
Back to the topic at hand.
Double-effect would not work for Catholics entering into a civil-only marriage because the act itself is morally wrong–that’s the key point so I’ll repeat it–the act itself is morally wrong. For double-effect to apply, the act must be neutral or even good. It’s the end or consequence that is evil (one good end, one bad end).
Here’s the problem. In your post, you said that the “act [is] morally good.” The act being the Catholic man who enters into a civil-only marriage. That act is always morally wrong. That’s the point you’re missing.
(And just to anticipate someone dragging up some posts from the past, no, it isn’t morally wrong when a Catholic couple gets married in city hall in the morning and then in the church in the afternoon when required by law—that’s completely and entirely different).