Corpus of Church Traditions

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Islamic reference from an Muslim cleric not available?

MJ
Not needed, as I’ve explained before. I don’t know if you keep asking because I keep ignoring you, so now I’ll actually let you know:

Any more of these juvenile requests will be ignored, as they are irrelevant and useless to the debate.
 
Not needed, as I’ve explained before. I don’t know if you keep asking because I keep ignoring you, so now I’ll actually let you know:

Any more of these juvenile requests will be ignored, as they are irrelevant and useless to the debate.
Then it’s better you read this from the book you’ve picked up-

It is difficult to say when this form of synthesised theological compendium first appeared, but between the mid third/ ninth century and the beginning of the fourth/tenth century a change had clearly occurred, from works in which Christianity was treated in isolation to
these large scale works in which it was treated together with other faiths.
This is not to say that works written expressly about and against Christianity were no longer written — both al-Ash’ari at the beginning of the century 17 and ‘Abd al-Jabbar towards the end 18 are credited with such works — **but it does indicate a significant change in attitude.
**

For the fact that Christian doctrines were now refuted in the context of discussions about Muslim doctrines and the refutations of Muslim and other opponents, and that these doctrines were always the ones that challenged the Muslim doctrine of divine unity, **suggests that their **main interest for Muslims was to support the validity of their own interpretations of tawhid by providing unviable counter examples. The inconsistencies and lack of logic that could easily be uncovered within them gave clear evidence that only the Islamic formulation was tenable, and their errors provided an unmistakable warning against lowering the guard upon rigorous expositions of Islamic belief.

MJ
 
Further to above, the book at page 2 with following:

By the turn of the fourth/ tenth century Christians living under Islamic rule had more or less come to terms with the situation in which they found themselves. They might look back on times when there had been no serious rivals to their claim to be the recipients of God’s supreme and final disclosure to his creatures. But in **the two and a half centuries since Muslim armies had begun to wrest for themselves tracts of Byzantine and Sasanian territory and established their own rule, **Christians had come to acknowledge the potency of Islam as a faith as well as a polity, and the need to come to terms with it socially and intellectually.

Socially, Christians often benefited from Muslim rule **because they had knowledge and skills that were valued in society. **The sheer ability to run a bureaucracy, in which Byzantine local officials were expert, meant that Muslim imperial chanceries habitually included Christian secretaries.

From time to time** crack-downs on non-Muslims in important positions rendered them jobless **— it is not impossible that John of Damascus’s reason for withdrawing from his high office to a monastery was the arabization measures of Umayyad caliphs at the beginning of the second/ eighth century 1 — but in general they were able to keep their positions as long as they maintained ambition in check. The medical knowledge they guarded as their own, their facility in Greek and Syriac, and the **technical acquisitions they preserved from former times **all guaranteed for them prized positions in a society that naturally expected the amenities of life and ambitiously sought the learning of the Greek world.

MJ
 
Don’t know what your point is. I’ve read the entire book. You should too, especially the texts of the writings against Christianity in it.
 
SK, you trust sources that are in competition with our faith that came after, as well as draw on events, but with a twist that is outside the event???

The Jews who followed Christ were later identified by Orthodox Jews as Nazarenes and they broke away after being banned from the synagogues over disputes. The Nazarene Christians comprised the first Church of Jerusalem. They later began worship on Sunday at dawn and broke the 40 day fast in protest to the Orthodox.

Some of the Christian Nazarenes went to Rome and met in private homes headed by presbyters but all saw themselves as one. They are those who comprised the Church of Rome later formally founded by St Peter, the primary apostle.

The Gentile Christians were mainly instructed through letters by St. Paul, the evangelist to the Gentiles.

Both SS Peter and Paul are the founders of Rome, and both were martyred there between 64 to 67 AD, their remains coming close to being verified under the altars of St Peter and St Paul churches.
 
So Allah commanded that it should be surrounded with desires. Then he said, ‘Go back to it.’ So he went back, then he said, ‘By Your Glory, I am afraid that no one will be saved from it and that all will enter it.’”
[Sunan al-Tirmidhi (2560), Al-Tirmidhi said: this is a Hasan Sahih Hadith. Al-Haafiz said in al-Fath: its isnad (chain) is qawiy (strong).
[/QUOTE]

Can you clarify this for me please?

Allah here is saying that he filled hell with desires so that more people would go there. Allah wants people to go to hell according to Islam? Not arguing, just clarifying on this point.
You are incorrect. That does not prove that the Qur’an refers to any of the four canonical Gospels of the so called catholic and apostolic churches. The word used for Christians in the Qur’an is ‘Nasara’, which actually translates to ‘Nazarene’. In Arabia there were Hebrew Christians, whom you would refer to as ‘Judaizers’. They are generally thought to have held a Hebrew variant of the Gospel of Matthew, and perhaps others. It is interesting to note, that the Gospel of Matthew Christians possess today is not based on the original written in Hebrew or Aramaic, but based on a Greek translation by an unknown translator. It is said in the Hadith:

“Khadija then accompanied him to her cousin Waraqa bin Naufal bin Asad bin 'Abdul 'Uzza, who, during the pre-Islamic Period became a Christian and used to write the writing with Hebrew letters. He would write from the Gospel in Hebrew as much as Allah wished him to write.”- Sahih al-Bukhari Book 1, Hadith 3
Now this is fascinating. I believe it’s explanations like the one you’ve given here are evidence that Muhammad most certainly came up with the Qur’an and not Allah.

Allah revealed many passages of Scripture for many obscure groups, instead of the logical thing an omnipotent, all knowing, omnipresent God would do; which is addressing the main Orthodox beliefs that existed at that time and long afterwards.

There are many ridiculous examples of this in the Qur’an, namely the verse that comes immediately after the verse about fighting Jews and Christians until they submit to Muslims and pay an extortion tax:

9:30The Jews say, "Ezra is the son of Allah "; and the Christians say, “The Messiah is the son of Allah .” That is their statement from their mouths; they imitate the saying of those who disbelieved [before them]. May Allah destroy them; how are they deluded?

It’s so clear that the common belief among all Christians is that Jesus is the Son of God. But Muhammad decided to conflate that with some Jewish belief that Ezra is the Son of God. How in the world did Allah make such an error?

To that you may say that it was some obscure group of Jews somewhere in Arabia who may have thought that. Then I would say it’s a ridiculous thing to put in the Qur’an and compare it to the very strong belief that Jesus is the Son of God. We find no evidence anywhere of any Jews claiming that Ezra is the Son of God and Allah should have known this. It seems Muhammad goofed.

Allah says to “Go and ask the Christians about whether or not what I say is true”

Yet according to you it’s some obscure group of Christians that wasn’t the main Orthodoxy, nor are they now. Allah really needs to look at the bigger picture of his universe imo.
 
SK, you trust sources that are in competition with our faith that came after, as well as draw on events, but with a twist that is outside the event???
Kathleen, I asked you a question about your claim that the Vatican possesses many documents which go all the way back to the apostles, could you please answer it?
Can you clarify this for me please?

Allah here is saying that he filled hell with desires so that more people would go there. Allah wants people to go to hell according to Islam? Not arguing, just clarifying on this point.
No, the Hadith is saying that the path to Paradise is difficult whereas the path to Hell is easy. Disobedience to Allah comes from our desires, such as lust, greed, envy, etc. whereas obedience comes from the submission of our wills to Allah.
Now this is fascinating. I believe it’s explanations like the one you’ve given here are evidence that Muhammad most certainly came up with the Qur’an and not Allah.
Did you come to this thread just to start another off topic discussion?
Allah revealed many passages of Scripture for many obscure groups, instead of the logical thing an omnipotent, all knowing, omnipresent God would do; which is addressing the main Orthodox beliefs that existed at that time and long afterwards.
The beginning Surah Rum (Chapter of Byzantium) contains a prophecy in which the Byzantines would retake Jerusalem from the Persians. Besides, what good would it have done the Christians in Arabia if Allah specifically addressed those outside of Arabia whom they already saw as heretics and not them?
It’s so clear that the common belief among all Christians is that Jesus is the Son of God. But Muhammad decided to conflate that with some Jewish belief that Ezra is the Son of God. How in the world did Allah make such an error?
Uzair doesn’t necessarily refer to Ezra. Most people identify Uzair with Ezra due to name similarity. There were Rabbinic Jews who believed there are two powers in Heaven, or lesser YHWH. You may say this was an obscure belief, but it was significant enough for Jacob Qirqisani, the Karaite from the 10th century to write about as criticism of Rabbinic Judaism.
Allah says to “Go and ask the Christians about whether or not what I say is true”.
As I’ve pointed out to someone else who attempted to use this as proof text; you don’t understand this verse. Read the verses prior to it.
Yet according to you it’s some obscure group of Christians that wasn’t the main Orthodoxy, nor are they now. Allah really needs to look at the bigger picture of his universe imo.
Allah may not have addressed the larger churches directly, but nonetheless their errors are still denounced in the Qur’an, such as the Trinity.
 
Don’t know what your point is. I’ve read the entire book. You should too, especially the texts of the writings against Christianity in it.
I did read it, All research by the Anglican scholar. He’s been unbiased so I’ve no problem at all. But you’ve missed the motives behind the 9th and 10th century Islamic scholars. I’ve even bolded some of it. Read again the bolded please.

Notice also it starts with Nestorian arguments which is an obvious warning sign for us Catholics.

MJ
 
The Quoran does indeed renounce the Trinity because the Trinity frees us from slavery and the power of sin over our lives through the resurrection of Christ.

Having no purpose in creation but likewise creating evil makes no sense.
 
In your great learning, you missed the Gospels where the apostles were exhorted to ‘write it down!’ The Vatican Library is the greatest in the world. There are 53 miles of shelving. here are different branches or departments of documentation.

The Church also has records of all the successors of Peter going back to his founding of the Church in Rome.

Likewise the Vatican Library is testimony to science and other disciplines as well as sharing artifacts for all the world to enjoy.

I read a piece awhile back that if one were to put the records into data, it would go out to a certain point in space and return.

Your Muslim sources are competitive with sweeping rejections with no historical or archaeological facts in repudiating Christ, His actual teachings and works, His purpose, His crucifixion and death.

The Shroud is now being further bolstered as being authentic burial cloth of Our Lord. Being crucified, to get each breath, one would have to force himself at his feet to push himself up, and after the breath, would come back down…a most painful and horrific death, worse than the potential death of the son of Abraham, Isaac who was spared by an angel.

I am speaking of the Shroud of Turin.

We just don’t go by text alone but by that experienced in life.

The Apostles provided us the understanding of Scriptures, witnesses to Christ, chosen by Him before they were born, and the traditions they gave us in living out His Word and teachings.

Don’t know why you keep rejecting this known fact of the Universal Christian Church, the consistency of belief and practice. Ecclesial traditions are smaller traditions indicative of cultural, regional, political, historical differences.

Consistency. God the Unmoved Mover. Get a catechism…it is concise, clear with all the references.

My fear is of the radical Muslims who want to follow Muhammed’s demand that Christianity be taken over by Islam, first Constantinople, and then Romiyya…Rome.
 
Like what, and have they ever been published?

No, we do not consider good and evil to be equal; nonetheless they are both from Allah.

The Prophet (S) said, “When Allah created Paradise and Hell, He sent Jibril to Paradise and said, ‘Look at it and at what I have prepared for its people therein.’ So he went and looked at it and at what Allah had prepared for its people therein. Then he went back to Him and said, ‘By Your Glory, no one will hear of it but he will enter it.’ Then He commanded that it should be surrounded with difficult things. Then He said, ‘Go back and look at what I have prepared for its people therein.’ He went back and saw that it was surrounded with difficult things. He came back and said, ‘By Your Glory, I am afraid that no one will enter it.’ Allah said, ‘Go and look at Hell and see what I have prepared for its people therein.’ [He saw it] with parts of it consuming other parts. He came back and said, ‘By Your Glory, no one who hears of it will enter it.’ So Allah commanded that it should be surrounded with desires. Then he said, ‘Go back to it.’ So he went back, then he said, ‘By Your Glory, I am afraid that no one will be saved from it and that all will enter it.’”

[Sunan al-Tirmidhi (2560), Al-Tirmidhi said: this is a Hasan Sahih Hadith. Al-Haafiz said in al-Fath: its isnad (chain) is qawiy (strong).
Thanks for the reply.

I have some questions…
Code:
*The Prophet (S) said, “**When Allah created Paradise and Hell***, He sent Jibril to Paradise and said, ‘Look at it and at what I have prepared for its people therein.’ So he went and looked at it and at what Allah had prepared for its people therein. 

*Then he went back to Him and said, ‘By Your Glory, no one will hear of it but he will enter it.’ *
So Paradise was shown to ‘Jibril’ - Is Jibril the prophet who is ‘speaking’? Is this history or prophecy?

Can you explain what is meant by ‘hear of it’? Does this mean that those who ‘hear’ of Paradise won’t enter it?
Code:
*Then He commanded that it should be surrounded with difficult things. Then He said, ‘Go back and look at what I have prepared for its people therein.’ He went back and saw that it was surrounded with difficult things. 

He came back and said, ‘By Your Glory, I am afraid that no one will enter it.’ *
So it’s tough to get into Paradise.

Does this mean that it is through man’s power that paradise is entered? Man navigating the ‘difficult things’ well?
Code:
*Allah said, ‘Go and look at Hell and see what I have prepared for its people therein.’  [He saw it] with parts of it consuming other parts. 

He came back and said, ‘By Your Glory, no one who hears of it will enter it.’ *
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

So our 'hearing' situation this time seems to be - if you know about Hell, you won't enter it?
*So Allah commanded that it should be surrounded with desires. Then he said, ‘Go back to it.’ So he went back, then he said,

‘By Your Glory, I am afraid that no one will be saved from it and that all will enter it.’”*
Code:
Hell is attractive on the outside and Jibril is concerned about that.

I can buy that.

A few summarizing questions - 

Can you explain Jibril? Why is the prophet not explaining what God shows directly to the prophet? (if the prophet is not Jibril)

Considering the similar passages, it seems like Paradise will creep up on clueless folks and snag them. But those that know of (strive for?) Paradise or Hell don't really have a chance to make either?

Thanks and take care,
[/quote]
 
Thanks for the reply.

I have some questions…
Code:
*The Prophet (S) said, “**When Allah created Paradise and Hell***, He sent Jibril to Paradise and said, ‘Look at it and at what I have prepared for its people therein.’ So he went and looked at it and at what Allah had prepared for its people therein. 

*Then he went back to Him and said, ‘By Your Glory, no one will hear of it but he will enter it.’ *
So Paradise was shown to ‘Jibril’ - Is Jibril the prophet who is ‘speaking’? Is this history or prophecy?

Can you explain what is meant by ‘hear of it’? Does this mean that those who ‘hear’ of Paradise won’t enter it?
Code:
*Then He commanded that it should be surrounded with difficult things. Then He said, ‘Go back and look at what I have prepared for its people therein.’ He went back and saw that it was surrounded with difficult things. 

He came back and said, ‘By Your Glory, I am afraid that no one will enter it.’ *
So it’s tough to get into Paradise.

Does this mean that it is through man’s power that paradise is entered? Man navigating the ‘difficult things’ well?
Code:
*Allah said, ‘Go and look at Hell and see what I have prepared for its people therein.’  [He saw it] with parts of it consuming other parts. 

He came back and said, ‘By Your Glory, no one who hears of it will enter it.’ *
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

So our 'hearing' situation this time seems to be - if you know about Hell, you won't enter it?
*So Allah commanded that it should be surrounded with desires. Then he said, ‘Go back to it.’ So he went back, then he said,

‘By Your Glory, I am afraid that no one will be saved from it and that all will enter it.’”*
Code:
Hell is attractive on the outside and Jibril is concerned about that.

I can buy that.

A few summarizing questions - 

Can you explain Jibril? Why is the prophet not explaining what God shows directly to the prophet? (if the prophet is not Jibril)

Considering the similar passages, it seems like Paradise will creep up on clueless folks and snag them. But those that know of (strive for?) Paradise or Hell don't really have a chance to make either?

Thanks and take care,
Jibril is the Angel Gabriel, who often intructed the Prophet (S). This event was either informed to the Prophet (S) by Jibril at the command of Allah, or was revealed to the Prophet (S) by Allah. We believe that it is ultimately through the Mercy of Allah that believers will enter Paradise, nonetheless keeping to the right path is difficult. Jibril assumed that everyone will avoid Hell if they knew of it, but then was concerned that none will avoid Hell due to it being surrounded by worldly pleasures and lower desires.
 
You are incorrect. That does not prove that the Qur’an refers to any of the four canonical Gospels of the so called catholic and apostolic churches. The word used for Christians in the Qur’an is ‘Nasara’, which actually translates to ‘Nazarene’. In Arabia there were Hebrew Christians, whom you would refer to as ‘Judaizers’. They are generally thought to have held a Hebrew variant of the Gospel of Matthew, and perhaps others. It is interesting to note, that the Gospel of Matthew Christians possess today is not based on the original written in Hebrew or Aramaic, but based on a Greek translation by an unknown translator. It is said in the Hadith:

“Khadija then accompanied him to her cousin Waraqa bin Naufal bin Asad bin 'Abdul 'Uzza, who, during the pre-Islamic Period became a Christian and used to write the writing with Hebrew letters. He would write from the Gospel in Hebrew as much as Allah wished him to write.”- Sahih al-Bukhari Book 1, Hadith 3

You are also incorrect for implying that the only churches were the ones who claimed to be catholic and apostolic. Al-Nashi al-Akbar, writing in the 9th century lists the following groups (summarised list) in his Al-Radd ala al-Nasara min Fi al-Maqalat:

al-Salihiyya—the Apostolics
al-Malaikiyya—the Angelics
al-Niqalusiyya—the Nicolaitans
al-Adamiyya—the Adamites
al-Qatharuniyya—the Cathars
al-Nafsaniyya—the Spiritualists
al-Hayyiyya—the Ophites
al-Diqtaniyya—the Hieracites
al-Masalliyyaniyya—the Mesallians, two sub-groups
al-Walasiyya—the Valesians
al-Malkiyya—the Melkites, three groups:
first group
second group, al-Qulurusiyya—the Qulurusites
third group, al-Fadiyya or Salhiyya—the Redeemed or Pious
al-Ishaqiyya—the Isaacites
al-Yamani, an individual
al-Yaqubiyya—the Jacobites
al-Luliyaniyya—the Julianists
al-Maruniyya—the Maronites
al-Afulnaristiyya—the Apollinarians
al-Awtakhiyya—the Eutychians
al-Walintiyya—the Valentinians
al-Aryusiyya—the Arians
A few problems with this idea. Evidence of Hebrew Christians who had a Gospel of matthew in Hebrew in the 7th century seems thin. Yes you have provided a hadith reference regarding the so called Christian Waraq but when was this Hadith written? According to wikipedia it was written sometime around the 800s, almost 200 hundred years after Muhammad supposedly lived. It seems difficult to substantiate the existence of this group on that basis alone.

Secondly if the Quran’s condemnations of Christians is directed towards these hebrew Christians what of in the Byzantine/Roman Empire? Why does the Quran make use of precious space to address a small fringe sect with little influence and power when there was the Christianity of the Eastern and Western Roman Empire which would permeate throughout the entire world? I would suggest that much of the Quran’s criticism against Christians only makes sense with the Orthodox Christians in mind, in regard to Worship of Jesus, veneration of Mary and etc.

As for the long list of supposed Churches, I think even you would have to dismiss most of those based on their beliefs and you would have to recognise that many did not likely exist in the time of Muhammad.

Now I would ask, do you believe the Gospel of Matthew is the true gospel the Quran makes reference of?
 
A few problems with this idea. Evidence of Hebrew Christians who had a Gospel of matthew in Hebrew in the 7th century seems thin. Yes you have provided a hadith reference regarding the so called Christian Waraq but when was this Hadith written? According to wikipedia it was written sometime around the 800s, almost 200 hundred years after Muhammad supposedly lived. It seems difficult to substantiate the existence of this group on that basis alone.

Secondly if the Quran’s condemnations of Christians is directed towards these hebrew Christians what of in the Byzantine/Roman Empire? Why does the Quran make use of precious space to address a small fringe sect with little influence and power when there was the Christianity of the Eastern and Western Roman Empire which would permeate throughout the entire world? I would suggest that much of the Quran’s criticism against Christians only makes sense with the Orthodox Christians in mind, in regard to Worship of Jesus, veneration of Mary and etc.

As for the long list of supposed Churches, I think even you would have to dismiss most of those based on their beliefs and you would have to recognise that many did not likely exist in the time of Muhammad.

Now I would ask, do you believe the Gospel of Matthew is the true gospel the Quran makes reference of?
If you would like to know about Hadith and why it is reliable, I suggest you read my posts from the beginning of the thread. As for the Christians of the Byzantine Empire, I have answered that question a couple of posts earlier. I don’t know what the Qur’an makes reference to as the Gospel; Allah knows best.
 
It appears then considering the incongruous remarks of Allah, one would dismiss such questionings kept for Allah alone. I admit I have a very hard time understanding the circular and gnostic position Islam holds of Christianity, Islam’s understanding of ours or its draws on our historical events comes across more as fables or folklore.

It’s like there is this huge gap between mankind and Allah, there is this great loss in truly understanding his motives and purpose, that makes me wonder why would he bother to be a creator in the first place.

Pretty hard to understand Islam, the image that human beings are his slaves for no purpose as he has no purpose in his creation, he has no meaning beyond mere existence.

As God created all things, we should be able to have common respect and tolerance because he made all of us, if for any purpose it should be peace and mutual service.
 
If you would like to know about Hadith and why it is reliable, I suggest you read my posts from the beginning of the thread. As for the Christians of the Byzantine Empire, I have answered that question a couple of posts earlier. I don’t know what the Qur’an makes reference to as the Gospel; Allah knows best.
Does the Quran actually address us Christians here or is it only talking to a small sect which might not have even existed at the time of Muhammad?
 
It appears then considering the incongruous remarks of Allah, one would dismiss such questionings kept for Allah alone. I admit I have a very hard time understanding the circular and gnostic position Islam holds of Christianity, Islam’s understanding of ours or its draws on our historical events comes across more as fables or folklore.

It’s like there is this huge gap between mankind and Allah, there is this great loss in truly understanding his motives and purpose, that makes me wonder why would he bother to be a creator in the first place.

Pretty hard to understand Islam, the image that human beings are his slaves for no purpose as he has no purpose in his creation, he has no meaning beyond mere existence.

As God created all things, we should be able to have common respect and tolerance because he made all of us, if for any purpose it should be peace and mutual service.
Kathleen, here’s the thing. The book SK suggests already from the get go explains following:

By the beginning of the fourth/**tenth **century (note the earlier number is based on Islamic calendar) Islamic theology had achieved a level of maturity which made it an admirably versatile instrument for interpreting the ways in which God and the world
existed and related to one another. Muslim theologians active at this time brought together the disparate questions and issues that had occupied attention for more than a century into a unity of thought, and produced the first works that can be called treatises of Islamic theology Ambitious in design and often prodigious in size, in their fully developed form these included treatments of everything from the problem of knowledge and the contingent nature of the world to matters of individual morality and the legitimate leadership of the Islamic state. **Integral to their treatment of the array of religious questions was the examination and refutation of other religions. **

The ways in which the various authors approached the claims they identified from non-Muslim believers, and Christians in particular, tell a great deal about the authors’ regard for them at this time, and even more about their regard for their own intellectual discipline and the faith of which it was a subtle articu-
lation.

Christians in Islamic Society

By the turn of the fourth/** tenth century** Christians living under Islamic rule ****had more or less come to terms with the situation in which they found themselves. They might look back on times when there had been no serious rivals to their claim to be the recipients of God’s supreme and final disclosure to his creatures.

But in the two and a half centuries since Muslim armies had begun to wrest for themselves tracts of Byzantine and Sasanian territory and established their own rule, Christians had come to acknowledge the potency of Islam as a faith as well as a polity, and the need to come to terms with it socially and intellectually.

Tolerance you say, well, I think our Christian teachings do exemplify it. Praise God!

MJ
 
Jibril is the Angel Gabriel, who often intructed the Prophet (S). This event was either informed to the Prophet (S) by Jibril at the command of Allah, or was revealed to the Prophet (S) by Allah. We believe that it is ultimately through the Mercy of Allah that believers will enter Paradise, nonetheless keeping to the right path is difficult. Jibril assumed that everyone will avoid Hell if they knew of it, but then was concerned that none will avoid Hell due to it being surrounded by worldly pleasures and lower desires.
Thanks for the reply, I find this to be most interesting.

Is there teaching elsewhere about the three Archangels in what you confess?

For the current subject, I’m really curious about Lucifer and his fall being the purpose for the creation of Hell?

Perhaps there is more context as Heaven being difficult to enter and Hell being a conclusion of a path of unrepentant sin in life, were ancient concepts by ~600.

Take care,
 
If you would like to know about Hadith and why it is reliable, I suggest you read my posts from the beginning of the thread. As for the Christians of the Byzantine Empire, I have answered that question a couple of posts earlier. I don’t know what the Qur’an makes reference to as the Gospel; Allah knows best.
Something that was written two hundred years later cannot be more reliable than say the Gospel which was written by eye witnesses or disciples of the eyewitnesses. And Hadith is no exception despite the claim otherwise.

Is there any example the chain of narrative of a Hadith that can reach to Muhammad in the two hundred years since he died? And if there is, what is the proof that the people who relayed a Hadith were authentic?
 
Thanks, Michael. Will respond more later.

The revelation of the fullness of God is reserved for the Jews alone. But they believe in the reality of the Messiah, although at this time there is a difference.

But the main point is I don’t evaluate anything based on things going on in my head or any one’s else.

I look rather at what choices a person makes… how they live their life, how they use their time and how they treat other human beings.

If you say then that Allah created evil…his followers wish to follow in his footsteps and follow him.

Islam totally rejects Judaism and Christianity yet wants to take God’s inspired texts, turn them into fables and stories, narratives that contradict the revelation of God and His commandments.

In Judeo Christianity, there is no justification in killing an innocent human being or going to war with the rest of humanity to appease Allah.

Ideas in the head vs life, reality in the human condition.

Both Jews and children of Hagar are of Abraham.

but…look at Iraq today, eastern Syria…Babylon, Iraq, the second most repeated name next to Israel. They are all fighting now across the country.

The Jews advanced with the revelation of God. Look at all their contributions to humanity.

And Christianity in founding schools and universities, hospice, care for those pagans in ancient times dying on the streets is the humanizing force in the world, its roots - Judaism.

Rather, Allah, the author of both good and evil, in turns makes people good and evil.

That is the corpus of Islam, people doing good and evil to their neighbor…

vs Judeo Christianity that gives us the understanding of the One True God, His commandments…and His Son. We are being called to be His family on earth. We are to have dominion over the world, to develop it, not destroy it.

Cause is God, His effects are humanity doing good and developing all the gifts He has given us, and to treat our neighbor as ourselves, this is True Religion.

God is not the creator or destructive of His own creation. Instead He calls us to be one with Him through His covenants and His Son.

Allah the destroyer of his own creation. Doesn’t make sense.
 
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