Gary Sheldrake, the following are the additional attestations you quoted.
Acts 13:21
How does James fit in this quote? Or is this a misquote of a quote?
Acts 15:19-20
Same question.
Gal 2:9
Peter, James and John were pillars of the apostles when Christ was alive. Those three were at the transfiguration, were the only ones allowed inside of the home of Peter’ mother-in-law when she was cured, selected by Jesus in the garden to pray a distance away from the other apostles. So now in this passage they are merely recognized for what they were…especially picked by Jesus.
Gal 2:11
Paul was only saying that Peter had misjudged the situation and that he had corrected him. St. Catherine did that to the Pope, and so did others.
The Pope can make wrong decisions, but that dosen’t mean he is not Pope, only that he is human and sometimes makes mistakes like everyone else. And it is a tribute to Peter that he listened to Paul, which is a sign of humility.
And there is the fact that we have had some bad popes, but that doesn’t mean that they were not popes. Again pointing out that they are made of human material.
Gal 1:18-19
To me, confering with Peter, the Rock, for 15 days indicates all the more his importance. If he had considered James as more important, he would have confering with him for fifteen days. Paul knew who Peter was…Rock.
In conclusion, not to be offensive, but I don’t see these as a pronouncement of James, but rather of Peter.
May God bless and keep you. May God’s face shine on you. May God be kind to you and give you peace.
Good Evening Fred: No offense taken and thank you very much for the reply. Many of these attestations are in the form of understanding social standards of the time and how they emerge in interactions cited in Epistles and such. For instance in Acts 15:19-20 (below) it shows that in an assembly where Peter and James were present, James speaks last (which was customary for leaders, especially in the culture the Apostles lived in), and at the end passes his judgment on the matter at hand. I have given the whole context below:
"The whole assembly became silent as they listened to Barnabas and Paul telling about the signs and wonders God had done among the Gentiles through them. 13 When they finished, James spoke up. “Brothers,” he said, “listen to me. 14 Simon[a] has described to us how God first intervened to choose a people for his name from the Gentiles. 15 The words of the prophets are in agreement with this, as it is written:
16
“‘After this I will return
and rebuild David’s fallen tent.
Its ruins I will rebuild,
and I will restore it,
17
that the rest of mankind may seek the Lord,
even all the Gentiles who bear my name,
says the Lord, who does these things’**—
18
things known from long ago.[c]
19 “It is my judgment, therefore, that we should not make it difficult for the Gentiles who are turning to God. 20 Instead we should write to them, telling them to abstain from food polluted by idols, from sexual immorality, from the meat of strangled animals and from blood. 21 For the law of Moses has been preached in every city from the earliest times and is read in the synagogues on every Sabbath.”
Peter offers the idea. James passes judgment on it, or as we would say in a modern day conference room, he approved it. To this day, subordinates seldom approve proposals by superiors.
Again, I could go through all of these, but there are many more references in the first 300 years of the Church. The remarks by Clement are the most direct. It isn’t written in alliterations that can be taken to be ambiguous or have another meaning when Clement reported that he was subordinate to James the “Bishop of All Bishops” as Peter also had been. My point is that the whole matter is very debatable. Personally, I don’t have an opinion either way. If I was cornered on it by a Protestant, I would say “that’s debatable.” If pressed on the matter by a fellow Catholic citing that Catholic point of view, my reply would be the same. I’m not on either side of the debate. For me it’s just another one of those curiosities that keep popping up with regard to matters we had always taken to be settled."
All the best,
Gary**