I can say, with as much certainty as I am capable of having (to some that may count as something, to others, it may count for nothing), that the Catholic Church has never dogmatically taught on what happens to the souls of animals other than man.
Yet, I think it reasonable to assume that animals do NOT go to heaven (or hell), based on the following dogmas, and the logical extensions of each:
- Adam and Eve lost the beatific vision by sinning.
- God became man incarnate in order to heal the breach between man and God through his redemptive death.
- Man had no “part” in the redemptive act of Christ. It was impossible for him to have done so, as every act done by Christ was infinitely valuable and man is not capable of doing anything with infinite value.
- While on earth, Christ’s teachings were limited only to what man should do under the new covenant - no mention was ever made of animals (except their use as “bit players” in parables, on occasion).
- Although the redemption was objective and benefitted all men, God instructs man to “work out our salvation with fear and trembling”.
- No. 5 presupposes that salvation is not guaranteed, and that we must cooperate with God in achieving salvation.
- To sin requires a culpable breaking of one of God’s laws for man.
- To enter heaven or purgatory, one must die completely free of mortal sin.
- As part of man cooperating with God in working out his own salvation, God gave man free will (as someone stated above) to choose whether we wanted to work towards salvation or not.
- All of the above has, as a predicate, a soul that not only animates a body, but one that has free will to make certain choices, that can think, that can reason, that can yearn to be with God.
- When asked how to pray, Jesus specifically taught man the Pater Noster.
- When asked how to cooperate with God in working out our salvation, Jesus set forth a specific set of “guidelines” on how we should live - the Beatitudes.
- I know of no animal that has a soul that is capable of doing anything stated above.
- If one accepts all of the premises I stated above, I do not see how anyone can say that animals are “saved” and go to heaven.
- To accept as dogma that animals may be saved, one must also accept as a possibility that some animals may not be saved. This, of course, from a theological aspect, makes no sense, as animals cannot act in a manner that allows admittance into heaven/purgatory: being contrite and trying to change one’s life toward the path of God.
I realize that many people love their pets, and that for some, their pets are their only companions in this life. Death of their pets are felt by them like some people feel when a loved member of a family dies. I think that people who think they will be reunited with their pets in heaven is a “defense mechanism” that allows people to cope with loss - it allows them to be able to look forward to something good after they die.
Without making fun of people who may believe that animals are in heaven, I must reiterate my question I asked earlier: If the goal of man (and it SHOULD BE THE GOAL OF MAN) is to see God in the face, that is, to enjoy the beatific vision, why would anyone want to turn away from that to go play fetch with their dog? I hardly think that when we are allowed to contemplate God for eternity, pets are no longer our concern.
Over the years, and primarily because of Dante’s Inferno, man began to think of heaven, purgatory, and hell as “places where a soul goes after death” rather than “status” of one’s soul after death. This, for me, is another reason why I simply cannot envision pets “in heaven”.
Do we really need the Church to infallibly teach, so as to “settle” this question that seems to be raised innumerable times, that the soul that animated the body of a hamster or a parakeet cannot enjoy the beatific vision for the simple reasons that if animals did not commit original sin (and they didn’t), then Christ’s redemptive work had absolutely no benefit for the soul of animals?
I am all ears for anyone who disagrees with anything I said above.