If a protestant comes to realize that the Catholic Church is truly the One True Church established on earth by Jesus Christ, yet he continues to reject Her (maybe because converting would offend his family or whatever) then he has rejected the Church and has thus rejected God (“Whoever rejects you rejects me. And whoever rejects me rejects the one who sent me.” - Lk 10:16).
But anyone (whether protestant or muslim or pagan or whatever) who never has a fair opportunity to consider the Catholic Church, yet strives to live by his conscience alone, may yet obtain salvation. These people are not saved because of their beliefs, but in spite of them.
Lots of good mini-topics for discussion on this thread…
I wholeheartedly agree with the second portion above. I believe God manifests himselfs to all in some form, and can be judged on the life that they lead.
Personally, I am closer to your first paragraph. I’m not a Protestant, but am a former Catholic, so would have to say that I have been exposed to the Catholic Church, yet choose not to participate.
I do not believe that God wants me to go through the motions, and call myself Catholic, go to church, tell my kids that I believe in the Trinity, transubstantiation, etc. if I do not genuinely believe these things. No one wins in that scenario: not me, not my kids, not God.
I’ve seen suggestions to others that they pray for strength to rejoin the Church. I pray for wisdom and enlightenment, but I do not pray for that. I wouldn’t pray for strength to join a group that I don’t agree with, much like most of you wouldn’t pray to Allah for strength to attend the nearest mosque. I also acknowledge, humbly, that I am a sinner, do not know all things, do not know what the future holds, and I may well end up in your Church some day…. (and who knows, you may end up in mine!)
The path from Jesus’ death to the Church of today has been a thousand steps of opinion/techings/policy. I disagree with some of those steps, question other steps, and frankly don’t know much about others. I acknowledge Jesus made Peter the rock of his church, but question the infallibility that is read beyond that. I am not willing to say “Well, I trust the Church’s teaching, so I’ll just have to stifle it and accept it on faith alone”. I do not think God will blame me for this, nor punish me for it. I love to read a variety of opinions on the subject, and may accept the Church’s authority after I’ve read fully of it.
I believe God gave me a brain for a reason; he doesn’t want an automaton that mindlessly recites policy. If he wanted that, we would all be automatons and wouldn’t be discussing this. The cause of my ‘heretical’ position is what? Satan? Ignorance? Only God can know for sure.

I tend to think some of y’all give hit some of those topics much too hard for my taste. Sure there’s bad stuff in the world, but I see the glass as being half-full, not half-empty.

I was doing some reading of the Cathechism for this thread, and was surprised to see in the Index that there are more references to ‘evil’ (22) than to ‘love’ (19), more references to ‘hell’ (7) than ‘heaven’ (3), and a whopping 87 references to evil, contrasted with 38 for ‘love’ and ‘charity’. That’s not the balance that I’m looking for.