Problems:
- It makes the Holy Spirit a different type of entity than the Father and the Son. All the persons of the Trinity are supposed to be of the same nature (God).
- A very ancient teaching of the Fathers regarding the Trinity is that any property or attribute should either be said of one of the Divine Persons, or of all three of them, but never of two. That is because to set two Persons against a third unbalances the Trinity. And that is exactly what happens when you have the Father and the Son both processing the Spirit.
- This account (as opposed to “through”) takes away from the Father as the arche of the Godhood of the other Persons, which is a cardinal Patristic teaching
Interestingly enough,
St. Maximus of Constantinople, who Eastern Orthodox scholars say “
may be regarded as the real Father of Byzantine theology” [John Meyendorff, *Byzantine Theology, New York: Fordam University Press, p. 37], defends the Latin use of “filioque” as being an authentic expression of the same Catholic faith.
According to
St. Maximus of Constantinople:
Those of the Queen of cities (Constantinople) have attacked the synodal letter of the present very holy Pope…one relates to the theology (of the Trinity) and according to this, says ‘the Holy Spirit also has his ekporeusis from the Son.’
…they (the Romans) have produced the unanimous evidence of the Latin Fathers, and also of Cyril of Alexandria, from the study he made of the gospel of St. John. On the basis of these texts, they have shown that they have not made the Son the cause of the Spirit–they know in fact that the Father is the only cause of the Son and the Spirit, the one by begetting and the other by procession–but that they have manifested the procession through him and have thus shown the unity and identity of the essence.
They (the Romans) have therefore been accused of precisely those things of which ***it would be wrong to accuse them, ***whereas the former (the Byzantines) have been accused of those things it has been quite correct to accuse them (Monothelitism).
In accordance with your request I have asked the Romans to translate what is peculiar to them (the ‘also from the Son’) in such a way that any obscurities that may result from it will be avoided… It is true, of course, that they cannot reproduce their idea in a language and in words that are foreign to them as they can in their mother-tongue, just as we too cannot do. [Saint Maximus’ *Letter to Marinus
, PG 91, 136]
Processio (Latin) and
ekporeusis (Greek) did not mean the same thing.
Processio is a general term in Latin theology, whereas
ekporeusis refers to a specific kind of relationship in Greek theology. To people natively fluent in one language but not the other, this would not be readily apparent. St. Maximus understood that problem and defended the orthodoxy of the Latin understanding of the faith. This understanding is explained by the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity document, *The Father as the Source of the Whole Trinity *[in English in *Catholic International magazine (volume 7, no. 1: January, 1996; pp 36-49).]
Consequently, the
filioque difference isn’t incompatible with the faith of both East and West,
as admitted to even according to Eastern Orthodox scholars.
For instance, other than the issue of the jurisdiction of the Roman Pontiff, according to Eastern Orthodox
Metropolitan Damaskinos of Switzerland, in a letter to Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger, 30 October 2000:
…the variance in theologies [of East and West] can be understood as compatible within one and the same faith*… our differences are to be understood in the sense of varying legitimate developments of one and the same apostolic faith in East and West, and not as divisions in the tradition of the faith itself.*
Likewise, from
Eastern Orthodox Bishop Kallistos Ware, as stated in May of 1995:
The filioque controversy which has separated us [Eastern Orthodox and Catholics] for so many centuries is more than a mere technicality, but it is not insoluble. Qualifying the firm position taken when I wrote [my book] The Orthodox Church twenty years ago, I now believe, after further study, that the problem is more in the area of semantics and different emphases than in any basic doctrinal differences" (Speech to a symposium on the Trinity; Rose Hill College, Aiken, South Carolina; emphasis added).
It is ironic that those claiming to be in full communion with the Roman Pontiff are so sure of their own private judgment of this theological issue that they pridefully reject the sound theology and defense of the Latin use of
filioque as articulated by no less an Eastern Father than St. Maximus of Constantinople, an expert in ancient Latin and Greek. They do so, furthermore, in contradiction to Catholic canon law, which obstinately rejected is a grave sin.