Does Doctrine Matter?

  • Thread starter Thread starter Randy_Carson
  • Start date Start date
Status
Not open for further replies.
Roy, if you deny doctrine, then how do you know what is and is not a sin?

If there is no sin there is no need for a Savior.

[BIBLEDRB]1 John 1:8[/BIBLEDRB]
 
Perhaps we have a different concept of doctrine. Some obviously see it as a whole series of defined beliefs that a fully valid Christian must profess. That is strong within Catholicism and among some Protestants of an evangelical persuasion.

** To me, love of God and love of one another are less doctrines than principles of daily living, more a matter of ethics than complex theology.** You will recall when the lawyer asked Jesus how he could inherit eternal life, Jesus did not reply with any doctrines but by saying love God and love one neighbor. What a perfect opportunity for Christ to have laid down some basic theological tenets of the Christian faith. Instead he gave the parable of the Good Samaritan in which the hero is one of a despised minority who had both intermarried and embraced a different faith.

** I don’t argue so much that people should not embrace doctrines** that appeal to them. I have some myself. But I know that my finite mind may not be able to comprehend the ultimate truths. We are like mice trying to understand a piano or a computer. We live in this mammoth, mysterious and miraculous world and I doubt if we have much of a clue. Now that we know that there may be a million, even a billion, solar systems out there, much of the theology of ancients times, when the Church Fathers believed in a three-tier world - heavens, earth, hell.

** So, what I am suggesting is that good Christians should be able to differ among themselves** when it comes to theology - which they do already - and still feel at home in the Christian community. I use the term ‘big tent’. There was an old hymn by Seth Parker years ago when radio was young, one he wrote himself. It began: “You go to your church and I’ll go to mine, but let’s walk along together.” I would amend this a bit to read “you believe what you believe and I’ll do the same, but let’s walk along together.”

** It brings to mind two monks centuries ago**. They were close friends but had a very different concept of heaven. Fr. John insisted that heaven would be a place where the saved spent eternity singing Gregorian chants, saying Rosaries, and adoring the Father, Son and Holy Ghost. Fr. James sharply disagreed. “That’s about what we’ve been doing here. When we get to heaven we’ll have parties, sing fun songs, enjoy good food and good fellowship.” They finally agree to debate no longer, but the first one to die would return and then they would know who had won the argument.
Code:
 Fr. John died and, as promised, the very next night he came to Fr. James in a dream. "My friend, we both were so wrong. But it would not help for me to try to describe eternal life. Mortal minds are not able to comprehend it. But it's nothing to fear."
** My own inclination is to believe that most theology is conjecture, which is fine, but we should have the freedom to come to conclusions on our own, as long as we follow the instruction of Jesus that we love God and one another. ** I’m very comfortable with this. I am happy to live by simple faith and not subscribing to all doctrines, many of which seem antiquated by modern advances in scientific and historical research.
But God bless everybody.
 
Perhaps we have a different concept of doctrine. Some obviously see it as a whole series of defined beliefs that a fully valid Christian must profess. That is strong within Catholicism and among some Protestants of an evangelical persuasion.

** To me, love of God and love of one another are less doctrines than principles of daily living, more a matter of ethics than complex theology.**
Jesus is Lord. That’s doctrine.

And explaining what it means for Him to be Lord, and the implications of that on “Hear, O Israel; the Lord is One!” — doctrinecomplex.

And explaining how He can be Lord, and yet be a man who is able to die – that’s doctrine.really complex

If you keep trying to strip Christianity of its doctrine you will shortly find yourself attending a flower communion.
 
Or are conflicting and contradictory doctrines acceptable within the church?

Non-Catholics, what say you?
**
We are talking about doctrines about the truth and not dogmas.

Are you asking whether there are conflicting and contradictory ideas about the truth acceptable within the RCC?
**
 
I don’t know, how does one know what constitutes love without doctrine?

God is love, and God existed before doctrine.

Most of us experienced love before we were capable of experiencing doctrine.
 
You will recall when the lawyer asked Jesus how he could inherit eternal life, Jesus did not reply with any doctrines but by saying love God and love one neighbor. What a perfect opportunity for Christ to have laid down some basic theological tenets of the Christian faith. Instead he gave the parable of the Good Samaritan in which the hero is one of a despised minority who had both intermarried and embraced a different faith.
Notice Christ also didn’t say you must love Him as God either. What a perfect time that would have been to explain the Doctrine of the Holy Trinity. So because of the absense of that particular Doctrine, it sounds like you’re saying the Holy Trinity is reeeeeally not that big a deal after all as long as we just love each other.
 
Des
Code:
Actually, I am saying that more to less. The early Christians battled long over the issue of the Trinity. The Arians and various others fought against the Trinitarian formula.

Now, I'm ready to accept it with a certain definition. God the Creator and Sustainer. Christ the Son, the incarnation and interpreter and messenger. The Holy Ghost, the spirit of God in the world. Or, maybe use the analogy of the sun. Didn't Aquinas do that? The sun is the Father, source of light and heat. Christ is the light. The Holy Spirit is the heat. Etc.

There are passages in the Gospels that always have made me wonder about the doctrine of the Trinity. Take Matt. 19:17 and Mark 10:18. Jesus said: "Why callest thou me good? There is none good but one, that is, God...." Now, isn't that in clear contradiction to the Trinitarian argument that Christ = God? I know there are verses in the other direction, but is it any wonder that arguments over doctrine persist, all parties able to quote what appear to be conflicting verses?

While I come from a mixed Catholic/Protestant background - and maybe because of that - I am attracted to those broad thinkers who shy away from doctrinal dogmatism and respect a diversity of views among fellow Christians. To me, this doesn't diminish my basic faith in God but it provides the intellectual freedom to explore, research, weigh, ponder, and investigate the complex world of theology without the pressure to arrive only at conclusions approved by traditionalists within the Catholic church or by one of numerous sola scriptura Protestants. Dogmatism has little appeal to me. I presume that automatically puts me outside the Church and endangers my eternal soul??? I actually believe God delights in honest awe when we consider the Divine, that some folks (like me) simply don't pretend to understand this vast and mysterious world, but place our trust in the Almighty rather than any hierarchy or denomination or catechism.

  God bless Catholics, Protestants and people of every creed, color and country. May religion serve as a bridge instead of as a barrier.
 
There are passages in the Gospels that always have made me wonder about the doctrine of the Trinity. Take Matt. 19:17 and Mark 10:18. Jesus said: “Why callest thou me good? There is none good but one, that is, God…” Now, isn’t that in clear contradiction to the Trinitarian argument that Christ = God?
No, why do you think that is? Jesus was hiding the ball. Every time someone recognized him as the Christ, the Son of the Living God, Jesus told them to pipe down because His hour had not yet come.
 
Thanks for all participating in this discussion. I want to share some lengthy thoughts…which is why I started the thread in the first place. 😉

As a reminder, let me point out that I addressed my OP to Protestant Christians for whom the Church is a spiritual, invisible entity made up of all true believers.

Now, if there is only one, invisible, church that is represented by visible local congregations, then that church must contain 1) the Baptist who believes with no uncertainty that baptism is purely symbolic and that baptizing babies is wrong, 2) the Presbyterian who believes that baptism is purely symbolic and that baptizing babies is okay, 3) the Episcopalian who believes that baptism is regenerational (ie, washes away original sin) and that baptizing babies is the right thing to do, and 4) the non-denominational believer who thinks none of this really matters. Are any of these believers happy with this arrangement? Remember, in this scenario, these doctrinal differences must be irrelevant.

If doctrine does matter, then the other option is to believe in one “invisible” church in which conflicting and contradictory doctrines are acceptable. Contradictory and conflicting doctrines are acceptable? Can this really be the will of God for His church? No! Jesus desires and prayed for unity within the Church, and not a false purely “spiritual” unity but one that was very real. First, He prayed for unity among his own disciples:

“Holy Father, protect them by the power of your name—the name you gave me—so that they may be one as we are one.” (John 17:11)
Jesus prayed that the Apostles might have the depth of unity that He shares with the Father. Was He praying for unity among his Apostles only? No! He prayed for all who would hear and believe these Apostles:

"My prayer is not for them alone. I pray also for those who will believe in me through their message, that all of them may be one, Father, just as you are in me and I am in you. May they also be in us so that the world may believe that you have sent me. I have given them the glory that you gave me, that they may be one as we are one: I in them and you in me. May they be brought to complete unity to let the world know that you sent me and have loved them even as you have loved me.” (John 17:20-23)
How could the world know with certainty that Jesus was sent, if they cannot see an “invisible” church? The church must be visible. Can the world look at the state of Christianity today and see one unified church? Do they say, “Yep, those Christians are certainly unified, that is plain to see. By looking at them, we can believe that Jesus was sent by God”? Not at all! The world cannot see an “invisible” unity of all true believers because what it sees instead is 25,000+ denominations bickering and fighting amongst themselves over doctrinal differences.

Jesus is saying that the unity of a single, visible church would be proof that He really was sent into the world by the Father. The unity of the church is supposed to be a witness to this fact. In order for the world to know the truth, it must be able to see a visible, unified church.

Just as Jesus and the Father are perfectly united, so God desires for the Apostles and those who come to believe in Jesus through them to be united. The reason for this unity is clear: to let the world know that you sent me”. Without this unity, the witness of the Christian Church to the world is weakened and as a result, the souls who fail to recognize the truth may be lost. Thus, the world must be able to see the unity of a visible, authoritative Church and hear the truth it proclaims. What are signs of this unity that the world should see?

(cont.)
 
One of the signs must be doctrinal unity on matters of faith and morals. In the pages of Scripture, we read:

“All the believers were one in heart and mind.” (Acts 4:32)

“There is one body and one Spirit—just as you were called to one hope when you were called—one Lord, one faith, one baptism; one God and Father of all, who is over all and through all and in all.” (Eph 4:4-6)

“I appeal to you, brothers, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that all of you agree with one another so that there may be no divisions among you and that you may be perfectly united in mind and thought.” (1 Corinthians 1:10)

The Father desires that the Church should be of one mind regarding the faith and doctrinal matters such as the “one baptism” just as He and the Son are one. The Father and the Son do not disagree on any issue. Does the Father prefer infant baptism while the Son does not? In the same way, we should have no divisions, no denominations, that separate us from one another. Paul’s appeal is not about some idealistic, invisible unity but a real, visible, tangible unity.

Further, what happens when there is a disagreement that requires a decision from the church as shown in the passage above. Let’s say that a wife becomes pregnant but does not want any more children; she wants to have an abortion. The husband goes to the Catholic Church which teaches that abortion is absolutely wrong. But the wife chooses a church that teaches that abortion is a matter of personal choice.

How can this matter be resolved since the “invisible” church – which is bigger than any one denomination – does not have doctrinal unity? Who decides what is and is not true concerning the Christian faith? Who decides what is and is not good doctrine? What is and is not moral? Who decides what is right and wrong? Who speaks for the church in these matters? Or what happens when everyone claims to speak for the church? This latter issue is actually what is occurring within Christianity today. Each pastor of every congregation is acting essentially as if he is the shepherd of his own flock. There are thousands upon thousands of pastors deciding upon the basis of their own individual understanding of scripture as to what is and is not good for their flocks.

This is why it was proposed earlier that if Jesus established one, invisible, “spiritual” church, then either doctrine does not matter or conflicting doctrine is okay. This is exactly why there are xx,000+ Protestant denominations – because with each new interpretation of scripture, a new denomination is born.

Moreover, an “invisible, spiritual” church cannot lead others into all truth because in order to have any unity at all, the members of this “church” must strip their faith down to the bare minimum that everyone can agree on. One member cannot impose his or her views on another. This is why one frequently hears statements such as, “Well, that’s what you believe; we think differently.” While this may give everyone involved a warm, fuzzy feeling of unity while holding hands around a campfire singing “Kumbaya”, it is clearly not the fullness of the gospel proclaimed by Jesus Christ. People who do not know Christ need to hear the truth from an authoritative source and are hindered in coming to salvation if they cannot see and find an invisible Church.

However, most Protestants believe that conflicting doctrine can and does exist within the one true church. They won’t phrase it that way, but this is exactly what they believe: that conflicting doctrine is acceptable within the body of Christ, the church. How do they justify this belief? By dividing their beliefs into essential and non-essential doctrines. The Baptist will say to the Presbyterian, “Well, at least we agree on the essentials or the “main things”. This means it is okay to disagree on the non-essentials. Is this correct? What does the Bible say about this? Ask to see the list of “essential” doctrines found in the Bible…there is none! So, who gets to decide which doctrines are essential and which aren’t? Doesn’t this sound like some people are trying to justify all of the division within the Body of Christ and to justify not making a true attempt at reconciliation or reunification?

(cont.)
 
“But he answered, ‘It is written, `Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceeds from the mouth of God.’" (Matthew 4:4)
“For truly, I say to you, till heaven and earth pass away, not an iota, not a dot, will pass from the law until all is accomplished.” (Matthew 5:18)
“Whoever then relaxes one of the least of these commandments and teaches men so, shall be called least in the kingdom of heaven; but he who does them and teaches them shall be called great in the kingdom of heaven.” (Matthew 5:19)
Here Jesus states that every word, every iota, every dot is essential and that not even the least of these commandments will be relaxed. Does this sound like Jesus believes there are non-essential doctrines? No! All doctrine matters.

Well, if it is not possible to say that doctrine does not matter, then the other option is to say that conflicting doctrine is acceptable. Again, what does the Bible tell us?

“But the Counselor, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name, he will teach you all things, and bring to your remembrance all that I have said to you.” (John 14:26)
Can the Spirit remind them of times when Jesus contradicted himself? No!

“When the Spirit of truth comes, he will guide you into all the truth” (John 16:13)
Can the Spirit teach different people different things? No!

"For I the LORD do not change; therefore you, O sons of Jacob, are not consumed.” (Malachi 3:6)
Can God change just for the purpose of allowing conflicting doctrines to be held within His one church? No!

The Church, therefore, must have a visible body. For the Catholic, the Church is both visible and invisible. In the passage quoted from Matthew above, the Church must be visible if anyone is to take their disputes to it. We know the Church is the Body and fullness of Christ, and Christ is its Head. As Paul wrote to the Ephesians:

“And God placed all things under his feet and appointed him to be head over everything for the church, which is his body, the fullness of him who fills everything in every way.” (Ephesians 1:22-23)
“You will know the truth, and the truth will set you free." (John 8:32)
If you can’t know the truth with certainty because partial or conflicting doctrine is acceptable, then how can you be set free?

Jesus established one, visible church characterized by doctrinal unity

Since the other two options have been shown to be false, then a third option must be true. Here is a summary of what we have concluded thus far:

· The Bible shows that the church and not the Bible is the “pillar and bulwark” of the truth
· The Bible shows us that Jesus established one and only one church.
· The Bible shows that this church is not an invisible, “spiritual” church; it is a visible church.
· The Bible shows that doctrine matters and does not conflict.
· .This Church must contain the fullness of truth as revealed by God; all others have partial truth, at best, since they have not maintained doctrinal unity with this one church.
Let’s examine that last point more fully. Here is what the Bible says about doctrinal unity:

“Now the company of those who believed were of one heart and soul.” (Acts 4:32)
“I appeal to you, brethren, by the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that all of you agree and that there be no dissensions among you, but that you be united in the same mind and the same judgment.” (1 Corinthians 1:10)
“Whether I come and see you or am absent, I may hear of you that you stand firm in one spirit, with one mind striving side by side for the faith of the gospel” (Philippians 1:27)
“The glory which thou hast given me I have given to them, that they may be one even as we are one, I in them and thou in me, that they may become perfectly one, so that the world may know that thou hast sent me and hast loved them even as thou hast loved me.” (John 17:22-23)
Jesus wants us to be one just as He and the Father are one. Do you think that Jesus and the Father disagree on any doctrine even the non-essential ones? Can you imagine Jesus complaining to the Father, “Dad, those dang Episcopalians are out baptizing babies again” and the Father responds, “Well, son, they’re supposed to.”? Do you think that Jesus believes that communion is actually his body and blood, but the Father thinks it’s just a symbol. No. They agree on all doctrine, and we are called to the same unity.
 
Randy Carson
Code:
Fine. You seem to make unity the priority thing. I was raised in a Catholic/Protestant situation - a long story - but have studied religion in some detail. Spent time at a Trappist monastery, keep informed through EWTN, Catholic radio, *Our Sunday Visitor,* attending mass, etc,

Unlike you, apparently, I find myself moving further away from traditional Catholicism. I emphasize traditional because most Catholics I know resemble me in that we think for ourselves. We do not view doctrinal orthodoxy and required conformity as a plus in this era of more and more well-educated, thinking people. 

You mention Baptism and you give different views by different denominations. As for me personally, there are various explanations and traditions re Baptism and they all would be acceptable in what I call 'big tent' Christianity. There is an argument for believers' baptism by immersion - if Jesus is our model he was immersed at age 30. There is an argument for infant baptism. I don't feel it essential that Christians all take the same position on that. We have in this area several federated Protestant churches, where - for example - Baptists, Congregationalists and Methodists merged. They offer baptism by different means and at different ages. The Eastern Orthodox, as you know, immerse babies, and confirm them in the same ceremony! Personally, I don't think God cares a hoot about such differences. He regards the heart rather than ancient practices that vary from place to place. 

 I crave Christian unity, but not union. We can be united in spirit while not united organically. There is, as you know, a World Council of Churches that brings together many denominations around the world. That's enough for me. Diversity within unity.

More and more Christians, at least among my friends, are much less concerned about doctrinal conformity than they are about cooperation among Christians to feed the hungry, etc. 

 Okay. Now, this incessant talk of 20,000 denominations is exaggerated poppycock. There are 7-8 main denominational families among Protestants: Baptists, Methodists (Wesleyans), Reformed (Presbyterians, Congregationalists, etc.), Lutherans, Anglicans, and Pentecostalists. There probably are 100 or even many more Wesleyan groups - like the United Methodist Church in the USA, the Methodists in Britain, the Methodists in North India, the Church of The Nazarene, the Salvation Army - etc., all part of the World Methodist Council. In addition there are the Mennonite groups that I admire, and the Quakers whom I especially love. Groups like the Mormons and Jehovah Witnesses are not Protestants, of course. 

 I have no problem with you finding your faith in Catholicism. I deeply admire priests and nuns who do so much good in the world, especially in distant and impoverished. lands. I admire much of Catholic education and Catholic hospitals. 

 It's Catholic insistence upon doctrinal conformity that tends to alienate me. Perhaps I'm too influenced by American democracy, but I favor 'think and let think'. Was it Wesley who said: "If you love God as I love God, let us join hands and walk together."?
 
 So, my problem with Catholicism, since a child actually, was its claim to be the one and only true church and its insistence upon doctrinal conformity. Back in college I wrote a thesis on St. Thomas Aquinas, and to use 'caged' books (forbidden to read) I had to get the signature of a priest. Didn't like that. I feel that Catholicism forces the faithful to wear blinders, when I treasure the freedom to ponder, weigh, investigate, research, perhaps even doubt, or take a neutral position. Was the Virgin Mary a lifelong virgin? Perhaps, but does it matter? She married Joseph, after all, and today lack of conjugal relations would be cause for annulment.

 And isn't it strangem by the way, that Jesus' lineage in both Matthew and Luke is traced through Joseph? 

 I also have questions about all sorts of apparitions, levitation and bilocation by saints (even Padre Pio), veneration of relics, adulation of the Pope, yes, even transubstantiation and the ability of priests to declare that someone's sins are forgiven. I leave that to God.

 We could go on and on. I love exploring theology and refuse to submit my God-given search for spiritual truth to any church or preacher. I'm quite sure God respects the earnest seeker after truth. When Jesus was asked point-blank how to inherit eternal life, he said nothing about doctrine. Love God and love one another. That's the core of my Christian commitment, and otherwise I walk by a simple faith and not by knowledge.

 God bless Catholic, Protestants and people of every creed, color and country. May religion serve as a bridge rather than as a barrier.
 
If doctrine didn’t matter then why would Paul have written to the Galatians what he said in 1:8?

8] But even if we, or an angel from heaven, should preach to you a gospel contrary to that which we preached to you, let him be accursed.
 
First define “doctrine”.
First of all, Christian doctrine is not a fragmentary collection of truths, but a compact system ot truths organically elaborated, in which reason moves in the light of faith and divine revelation. It is also a science, but a science that transcends the subject matter and the method of common human sciences, because its principles consist in a datum or known fact which rests on the authority of God, the infallible Truth. The datum or premise is divine revelation consigned in two sources: Holy Scripture and Tradition. Custodian and authentic interpreter of both these sources is the living and infallible teaching authority of the Church instituted by Jesus Christ.
 
I’ve never made a study of the question, but I remember reading Sic et Non by Abelard years ago, in which he highlighted how one Pope had contradicted another. I’ve sometimes thought of how Pius IX in his “Syllabus of Errors” was so anti-democratic, sharply condemning separation of church and state, etc., and how in more recent times the Papacy has switched positions. Now it heralds democracy and expresses great concern for freedom of religion, I also recall how, under Franco, Spain did not permit Protestants to have public places of worship. Etc.
Code:
 Even St. Thomas Aquinas said that the church should not execute heretics but should deliver them over to the state which had the responsibility to kill them!

 The position of Catholicism has changed considerably over the years - thank God! But it still hangs on to this concept, shared with Islam, that there is only one true religion and it is theirs! I find so much in the Catholicism of my father's lineage to admire, but that exclusivity and arrogance aliens me. Sorry.
 
God is love, and God existed before doctrine.
How do you know God is Love?
How do you know God existed before doctrine?

God defines doctrine.
God has exisisted and has been the same for all time.
Therefore doctrine has existed for all time.

No?
Most of us experienced love before we were capable of experiencing doctrine.
How do you know what you’ve experienced is love?

Is knowledge of what constitutes love an innate quality of humanity?

Chuck
 
but that exclusivity and arrogance aliens me.
Exactly how much “exclusivity” is allowable before it becomes “arrogance”?

Do all religions offer salvation in your opinion?

Chuck
 
I’ve never made a study of the question, but I remember reading Sic et Non by Abelard years ago, in which he highlighted how one Pope had contradicted another.
That proves you haven’t read it. Read it now and notice what it says right at the top about the Pope.
I’ve sometimes thought of how Pius IX in his “Syllabus of Errors” was so anti-democratic, sharply condemning separation of church and state, etc., and how in more recent times the Papacy has switched positions.
The fact that the Church has supported the United States of America since July 4, 1776 is highly damaging to your fable.
Now it heralds democracy and expresses great concern for freedom of religion, I also recall how, under Franco, Spain did not permit Protestants to have public places of worship. Etc.
Yes, Franco was supported by the Catholic Church in order to put an end to the [Red Terror](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red Terror (Spain)). But after the end of said Terror the Church planted Opus Dei operatives in Franco’s cabinet in order to force the Franco government towards democracy (with the backing of the USA, I might add!)

The Church’s action in supporting Franco was, of course, moral as it fell under the principle of double effect, the choice being between evil (Franco) and more evil (bloodthirsty godless communists). But the Church was not simply a “yay Franco” institution, otherwise the Church would not have worked for democracy in Spain. Please at least read the associated Wikipedia article before perpetuating a black legend.
Code:
 Even St. Thomas Aquinas said that the church should not execute heretics but should deliver them over to the state which had the responsibility to kill them!
That’s exactly what the Church did. The only inquisition that was actually run by the Church was the [Roman Inquisition](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman Inquisition), and it executed exactly two people. My democratic state has executed many more (sadly).
Code:
 The position of Catholicism has changed considerably over the years - thank God! But it still hangs on to this concept, shared with Islam, that there is only one true religion and it is theirs!
Some fraternal correction is in order, along with the admonition to check the facts.
I find so much in the Catholicism of my father’s lineage to admire, but that exclusivity and arrogance aliens me. Sorry.
That’s because you have yet to seriously evaluate Catholicism and the Church’s claims.
 
How do you know God is Love?
How do you know God existed before doctrine?
From Scripture and the Tradition of the Christian Church.
God defines doctrine.
God has exisisted and has been the same for all time.
Therefore doctrine has existed for all time.

No?
No,

Your logical fallacy is equating God with doctrine. God is not doctrine. Do you agree?
How do you know what you’ve experienced is love?
The same way that you know whether or not you’ve experienced love.
Is knowledge of what constitutes love an innate quality of humanity?
yes
 
The reason I opened this thread was simply to point out the absurdity of the Protestant positions regarding doctrinal unity.

Given their definition of “church” and the disagreement over fundamental beliefs, they are forced to choose between two alternatives:
  1. Doctrine does not matter; or
  2. Conflicting and contradictory doctrines are acceptable in the one body of Christ.
Alternatively, they could accept that Jesus Christ established one, visible, hierarchical Church with an earthly head and vested that Church with real authority to settle matters of dispute.

This Church is, of course, the Catholic Church.
 
Status
Not open for further replies.
Back
Top