I was have been listening more and more to historical theologians lately, and one from Yale Divinity made the startling comment the other day, on the topic of gay rights, that the Church has lost every debate on social issues in which it has ever engaged. I found the statement shocking, but then with my limited knowledge of history, I could not come up with a single example in which the Church has not eventually been required to change its moral position.
It is currently trying to hold its ground on contraception, gay rights and abortion. It appears to be losing, and even Catholic countries reject Church doctrine. The list of past issues, in which the Church has eventually changed its own teachings and practices in order to conform to changing societal norms, in areas like slavery, money lending, divorce, etc… is a significant one.
Can you think of a social justice issue in which the Church has prevailed over time?
I don’t think the Church has changed its position on divorce.
Weakened its position on money lending, sure, but remains critical of capitalism (though many in this country want to forget the fact);
On slavery, I would say that the Church
has prevailed, because the historic Catholic position was one of modest disapproval of slavery. Not pressing for abolition, but certainly not upholding slavery as a good. The Church ought, in my opinion, to have been more forthright in its opposition, but the idea that the Church “lost” that battle misinterprets what side the Church was on (even though that’s partly the Church’s fault for not being less ambiguous).
On infanticide and abortion, the Church prevailed for a long time, at least to some degree. Obviously that’s changing with abortion, and unfortunately may change with infanticide. But the widespread acceptance that these things were wrong (even if they were still practiced to some degree) is thanks to the Church.
The Church was the only major organization in the early 20th century opposing eugenics and the attempt to sterilize the poor. Again, that battle turns out not to have been won as thoroughly as one might hope–these things are coming back under a more “humane” face (or maybe never really went away). But it was won in the sense that most people agree that eugenics in its early-20th-century form was abominable and that the Church was right to stand up to it.
The Church was for centuries the main voice opposing the absolutist claims of the nation-state. Granted, as with slavery, there were many compromises and the Church could have been clearer. Today, many people recognize the damage done by the nation-state, though I could still wish that more did (especially more Catholics).
Even the 19th-century Church’s criticisms of liberal democracy become increasingly plausible, to my mind, in the wake of the invasion of Iraq. The imposition of democracy through a violent invasion is a travesty of democracy and shows that democracy does have its demonic side, as the Popes warned long ago.
These last two cases are obviously controversial–but I mention them because secular/liberal folks who make the argument mentioned in the OP typically are wary of nationalism and oppose the invasion of Iraq. My point is that on these issues the Catholic Church has been long ahead of them. Progressive, enlightened people in the 19th century were nationalists and believed democracy would solve everyone’s problems. Now it’s becoming increasingly clear, at least to “left-wing” folks, that these positions have been very destructive. Yet they never think to credit the reactionary Church for holding firm against the absolutization of what turns out, in fact, to be relative.
I don’t think the Church will, in this world, finally “win” any of its battles, and what look like victories often turn out to be Pyrrhic. But the fact is that the Church has opposed many inhumane things which modern people also oppose, but probably would never question if the Church hadn’t done so first. The fact that some of those things (like abortion and, more recently, eugenics) come back–well, that’s the reality of living in this fallen world.
Edwin