Evolution

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For the exact answer, you will have to find away to ask Darwin. It’s his theory. Here’s my guess. Darwin and other scientists of his time all thought the cell was the simplest form of life.
Barbarian observes:
Strike one. Back then, it was hypothesized by most biologists, (including Darwin) that a living fluid might be possible.
according to David Berlinski, Professor at NYU, Baroque college (sp) and world renown author who specializes in evolutionary studies “Darwin and all the scientists of his time thought the cell was the simplest form of life.”
David isn’t much of an “evolutionary scholar” if he isn’t familiar with the eozoon issue.
We now know that the opposite is true.
Strike two. The simplest form of life is in fact, a single-celled organism. Chemistry had to start with atoms, because early chemists had no explanation for the way atoms formed. No one with any sense thinks this reflects poorly on chemistry or biology.
Your statement is irrelevant.
Nope. You’re just flat out wrong. Unicellular organisms include the simplest of living things. That’s a fact.
We must be speaking two different languages. I said nothing about atoms, early chemistry or poor reflections. The cell was considered to be the simplest form of life in the mid 19th century scientists, including Darwin.
See above. You’ve been misled by someone who knew no more than you do.

Strike three. There is considerable evidence for abiogenesis, although it’s not yet settled. Would you like to learn about it?
Evidence for the origin of life? Considerable evidence? Not yet settled? Is reindeer poop considerable evidence for Santa Claus?
Calm yourself. We’ll show you in just a bit.
Does that translate into an educated (or even uneducated) guess?
Um, you only get three strikes. But take another swing. Turns out the evidence shows DNA was a modification of RNA.
For the sake of brevity, I have cut and pasted this from Wikipedia…
Let’s take a look at Wiki, then…

**The RNA world is proposed to have evolved into the DNA and protein world of today. DNA, through its greater chemical stability, took over the role of data storage while protein, which is more flexible in catalysis through the great variety of amino acids, became the specialized catalytic molecules. The RNA world hypothesis suggests that RNA in modern cells, in particular rRNA (RNA in the ribosome which catalyzes protein production), is the evolutionary remnant of the RNA world…Among the enzymatic properties important for the beginning of life are:
Code:
* The ability to self-duplicate, or duplicate other RNA molecules. Relatively short RNA molecules that can duplicate others have been artificially produced in the lab. The shortest was 165-base long, though it has been estimated that only part of the bases were crucial for this function. One version, 189-base long, had fidelity of 98.9% [5], which would mean it would make an exact copy of an RNA molecule as long as itself in one of every eight copies. This 189 base pair ribozyme could polymerize a template of at most 14 nucleotides in length, which is too short for replication, but a promising lead for further investigation. The longest primer extension by a ribozyme polymerase was 20 bases.[6]
* The ability to catalyze simple chemical reactions which would enhance the creation of molecules which are building blocks of RNA molecules—i.e., a strand of RNA which would make creating more strands of RNA easier. Relatively short RNA molecules with such abilities have been artificially formed in the lab.[7][8]
* The ability to catalyse the formation of peptide bonds, in order to produce short peptides, or—eventually—full proteins. This is done in modern cells by ribosomes, a complex of two large RNA molecules known as rRNA and many proteins. The two rRNA molecules are thought to be responsible for its enzymatic activity. A much shorter RNA molecule has been formed in lab with the ability to form peptide bonds, and it has been suggested that rRNA has evolved from a similar molecule.[9] It has also been suggested that amino acids may have initially been complexed with RNA molecules as cofactors enhancing or diversifying their enzymatic capabilities, before evolving to the more complex peptides. mRNA may have evolved from such RNA molecules, and tRNA from RNA molecules which had catalyzed amino acid transfer to them.[10]**
You’ve confused transcription with the evidence for RNA as a precursor to DNA. You do understand now that the origin of life is not part of evolutionary theory?
 
In response to " I have already shown in another post that the Divinely inspired text of Genesis is a reflection of the Divine inspiration in the actual life of Jesus."

You wrote something false -
But one thing is sure: The Hebrews did not create "the Genesis text and the life of Jesus." When we know someone or something and then write about that someone or something, we do not say that we create that someone or something. We simply narrate or communicate what we personally experienced with that someone or something.

.
The Divine inspiration in the text of Genesis carries a spiritual message of the Hebrew nation and the narrative necessities which require no literal justification.The actual life of Jesus is something quite different for the seed of the Hebrew recognition between God and Man,seen in outlines in their beliefs through Genesis come to full fruition in Jesus.

Your politics is every bit as stupid as the empirical politics,the idea of making a literal Adam important at the expense of the life of Jesus insofar as you care more for Adam in the flesh than Jesus in the Spirit .The Apostle had much to say on this -

“O stupid Galatians! Who has bewitched you, before whose eyes Jesus Christ was publicly portrayed as crucified?I want to learn only this from you: did you receive the Spirit from works of the law, or from faith in what you heard? Are you so stupid? After beginning with the Spirit, are you now ending with the flesh?”

usccb.org/nab/bible/galatians/galatians3.htm
How I wish you would make your sentences generally shorter than this so that the idea you want to communicate to us would not disappear at its end.
Let me make it simple for you,I have watched the indignity of the Church apologise for Galileo because it understands nothing of its own astronomical heritage.Who is to to apologise for Copernicus in having his inspiring work destroyed by the same empircists who destroyed evolution ?.Oh,I forgot,you are a creationist who has the inspirational sense of a flat Earther or an empircist.
 
Bear claw,

Previously I had apologized for my sarcasm. You graciously replied
“No need to apologize. I respect bluntness.”
Your response was noted and sincerely appreciated.
I now find it necessary to take you up on your offer.

Mike Riddle, Board member of AiG (Answers in Genesis)
Mike can give powerful, well-illustrated talks on:
* dinosaurs and the Bible
* the six days of creation
* astronomy and the Bible
* the origin of life

Mike holds a degree in mathematics and a graduate degree in education. He has been heavily involved in creation ministry for more than twenty years, and has gained such a good reputation as a speaker. (you finally got one right)

I have presented information from 2 highly recognized and respected men who hold advanced degrees. You have presented sarcasm from one inane source. Where is your supportive documentation? Who, besides yourself is your source. In the Bible, Jesus says that unless a man has testimony from another, his testamony is not valid. This kills most of your replies. Darn.

“…most people realize…” this is ambiguous, unsupported, conjecture. Do you know how to support your claims? Or is it that you realize that you can’t?

Microbiologist Dr. Doug Axe Phd. has presented his findings publicly, after they were peer reviewed. Where is your source? Are we to take it on your opinion that you know more than he? “some kind of, being shown,” ambiguous, unsupported conjecture. “denial of reality…” Whose reality? what reality? from whom is this reality established? Your personal opinion as opposed to that of a microbiologist with a doctorate and peer reviewed observations and findings is not very credible to me.

By your example, the deck of cards coming out in a particular order must be less than 1. The odds of you documenting your opinions are less than that. Now if the laws of probability show that the odds of one person fulfilling 8 specific prophecies of the Old Testament to be 1x10 to the -17 power for example (see Science Speaks by Dr. R. Stoner, chapter 3) Why do you find it impossible for the smallest (or longest as you prefer) observable chance to be 1x10 to the -50th power as presented by Dr. Stoner, Dr Doug Axe, Mike Riddle, and innumerable others, to be on the wrong path? Where is your proof? any substantiation? Do you possess a doctorate in the laws of probability in Mathematics?
Maybe you are on the wrong path. **Prove **me wrong, if you know how.

Maybe you should learn how to substantiate your opinions. And that, at best, is what you present.

Your {“proves” you are impossible} statement is not only inane, it is, like every other statement you have made, unsupported, unsubstantiated, conjecture. Maybe you can find someone who can teach you how to verify or document your abstract opinions.

The tip-off for me is that you once again cite no data, or any source for verification of your vague opinion. Maybe you should go and find out how.

Once again you present your false opinions as facts. Where is the documentation that he said he was “leaning toward agnosticism?” That one I might believe with some support, but you must have missed this DIRECT quote from Charlie…

"With savages, the weak in body or mind are soon eliminated. We civilized men, on the other hand, do our utmost to check the process of Elimination. We build asylums for the imbecile, the maimed and the sick. Thus the weak members of society propagate their kind. No one who has attended to the breeding of domestic animals will doubt this is highly injurious to the race of man. Hardly anyone is so ignorant as to allow his worst animals to breed."

Charles Darwin
The Descent of Man
1871.

Game, Set, and Match.

(I no longer find it productive or desirable to continue our “discussion” unless and until you learn how to present facts, verifiable data and outside documentation.)
 
You might as well say “Chemistry can’t do anything unless it explains where matter came from.” But both chemistry and evolution work very well.

If you knew anything about science, you’d know that “it’s just a theory” is profoundly ignorant of what theories are. Why not learn about it? Libraries are free.
When chemistry says that water is composed of the elements H2O, chemistry is not simply proposing a theory but stating a fact. But as you implied here, evolution simply states a theory. There differs chemistry from evolution theory.
 
In response to " I have already shown in another post that the Divinely inspired text of Genesis is a reflection of the Divine inspiration in the actual life of Jesus."

You wrote something false -
What made you think that I was responding to that point of your post? No. That was not the point that attracted me but your other point in that post. Let us quote you again, highlighting the point that I responded to:
I have already shown in another post that the Divinely inspired text of Genesis is a reflection of the Divine inspiration in the actual life of Jesus.To wish to mix the magnificant life of Jesus and his lifespan as a human being like everyone else here with the exaggerated ages of the Patriarchs,of which Adam was one, is something that demonstrates a complete disregard for both the Hebrews who created the Genesis text and the life of Jesus.
You actually said there that the Hebrews created the Genesis text and the life of Jesus. Are you denying now what you wrote? That is one effect of your style in writing very long sentences.
 
s.

Let me make it simple for you,I have watched the indignity of the Church apologise for Galileo because it understands nothing of its own astronomical heritage.Who is to to apologise for Copernicus in having his inspiring work destroyed by the same empircists who destroyed evolution ?.Oh,I forgot,you are a creationist who has the inspirational sense of a flat Earther or an empircist.
"because it understands nothing of its own astronomical heritage"? Who told you that that is the reason why “the Church apologise for Galileo”, if indeed the Church apologized? And what made you think that I am a creationist? What is your concept of so-called “creationist”? I, have a sense “of a flat Earther or an empiricist”?You are simply making judgment or conclusions here without clear foundations.
 
Your politics is every bit as stupid as the empirical politics,the idea of making a literal Adam important at the expense of the life of Jesus insofar as you care more for Adam in the flesh than Jesus in the Spirit .
I doubt what you know about politics. My “politics” here? Where and what? You are actually making comments on something that does not exist. How was Adam made important at the expense of the life of Jesus? Did you forget that even Jesus quoted Genesis when emphasizing a point? And when Jesus quoted Genesis, surely Jesus was aware that Adam is a character in Genesis. In short, Jesus recognized the existence of Adam. If even the Lord and Master recognized the existence of Adam, how much more we who are simply followers of the Master?
 
Originally Posted by oriel16
I have already shown in another post that the Divinely inspired text of Genesis is a reflection of the Divine inspiration in the actual life of Jesus.To wish to mix the magnificant life of Jesus and his lifespan as a human being like everyone else here with the exaggerated ages of the Patriarchs,of which Adam was one, is something that demonstrates a complete disregard for both the Hebrews who created the Genesis text and the life of Jesus.
You actually said there that the Hebrews created the Genesis text and the life of Jesus. Are you denying now what you wrote? That is one effect of your style in writing very long sentences.
Don’t be naughty now,if you are going to make a big deal of a sentence be sure to quote it in context and exactly as it was written,in your case,don’t bother.

It is impossible to misread the paragraph as anything other than what I originally wrote but misreading things appears to be a common trait among people who call themselves Christian here.The empirical ‘cause’ for evolution is ripped directly from an essay on national supremacy but it appears the entire Christian community has developed a severe reading disability in spotting it and simply chooses to misread it,either way,it is stomach turning.

I would not ask you the question as how do you reconcile the normal life of Jesus with the exagerrated lifespans of the Patriarchs while preserving the magnificence of Jesus as I already know your answer by this response.

Unlike you and many here, I adore how the sacred texts reveal their own answers to those who are genuine Christians but not to fools or the pretensious.That is just the way it is.
 
"because it understands nothing of its own astronomical heritage"? Who told you that that is the reason why “the Church apologise for Galileo”, if indeed the Church apologized? And what made you think that I am a creationist? What is your concept of so-called “creationist”? I, have a sense “of a flat Earther or an empiricist”?You are simply making judgment or conclusions here without clear foundations.
So,what do you think of the images showing the Earth overtaking the outer planets,as the same type of inspirational Christian thinking that created the evolutionary framework through bishop Steno and William Smith ? -

apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap011220.html

Isn’t that enjoyable ?,I mean,you would have to be a flat Earther to miss this enormous Christian achievement,probably the greatest scientific leap forward in the last 1000 years.
 
When chemistry says that water is composed of the elements H2O, chemistry is not simply proposing a theory but stating a fact. But as you implied here, evolution simply states a theory. There differs chemistry from evolution theory.
Then what about Biochemistry? Since as you say Chemistry states fact, Biochemistry also states fact:
Evidence of gene duplications and subsequent functional divergence, or functional loss in the form of pseudogenes
.
Evidence of exon shuffling and modular re-use within proteins.

Evidence of both natural selection and neutral drift at the molecular level.

Evidence of the malleable and adaptive nature of molecular evolution itself. For example in recent shocking cases of bacterial drug resistance - the evolution of evolvability.

Evidence that the phylogeny inferred from protein and DNA sequence comparisons is correlated with the phylogeny inferred from evolutionary biology.

Evidence that within every studied biochemical system, the “parts” themselves have evolved, and the interactions between those parts have also evolved.
Thus we have biochemical change, and it seems to have correlation with evolutionary theory, unless I’m mistaken…

God Bless.

Chris.
 
Bacteria that are exposed to a harmful agent and survive, survived because they already could and not because they changed/evolved. The author of the following is a member of the National Academy of Sciences. I agree with him.

forbes.com/2009/02/23/evolution-creation-debate-biology-opinions-contributors_darwin.html

Peace,
Ed
So what about Nylon eating bacteria?
In 1975 a team of Japanese scientists discovered a strain of Flavobacterium living in ponds containing waste water from a factory producing nylon that was capable of digesting certain byproducts of nylon 6 manufacture, such as the linear dimer of 6-aminohexanoate, even though those substances are not known to have existed before the invention of nylon in 1935.
God Bless.

Chris.
 
The Author has this amazingly ignorant assessment of evolution:
It is unseemly and scientifically unfruitful that a major focus in biology should have turned into a war–between those who hold that the history of those unique organisms is purely a matter of chance aggregation from the inorganic world and those who hold that the aggregation must have been designed for a purpose.
He doesn’t even know that evolutionary theory doesn’t claim evolution is a matter of chance. Even most of the creationists here know better now.

But there’s a good reason. Phil has no expertise in biology. He’s a chemist, whose religious objections to biology have nothing to do with his actual training and knowledge.

My research interests are organic chemistry mechanisms, organometallic chemistry, and heterogeneous catalysis. - Philip Skell

"The main purpose of anyone teaching evolutionary biology in our schools is the indoctrination of students to a worldview of materialism and atheism".
Phillip Skell

Sad.
 
When chemistry says that water is composed of the elements H2O, chemistry is not simply proposing a theory but stating a fact.
No one has actually seen a molecule of water. We have various ways of detecting them, and the evidence for them is overwhelming, but we know it only from indirect evidence. Indeed, atomic theory is the basis of chemistry.
But as you implied here, evolution simply states a theory.
So does atomic theory. Would you be offended if I suggested you learn what “theory” means in science?
There differs chemistry from evolution theory.
Nope. It’s just that atoms don’t personally offend you as some other aspects of science do.
 
agangbern,

I guess I am one of the fools. I think the Bible is God’s perfect Word.

2 Timothy 3:16 (New International Version)

16All Scripture is God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness,

I think this means that God inspired Genesis, and that Scripture is inerrant. Isn’t that a tenet of Christianity?

To wish to mix the magnificant life of Jesus and his lifespan as a human being like everyone else here with the exaggerated ages of the Patriarchs,of which Adam was one, is something that demonstrates a complete disregard for both the Hebrews who created the Genesis text and the life of Jesus.

If I remember correctly, Moses, the Hebrew, under Divine guidance, wrote the Book of Genesis. This means that God, not the Hebrews, actually ultimately authored Genesis. So how can its contents show disregard for the Hebrews and the life of Jesus (God the Son.)? This is what is written in Genesis, Chapter 5 about the “exaggerated” ages of the Patriarchs:

Genesis 5
5 Altogether, Adam lived 930 years, and then he died.
8 Altogether, Seth lived 912 years, and then he died.
11 Altogether, Enosh lived 905 years, and then he died.
14 Altogether, Kenan lived 910 years, and then he died.
17 Altogether, Mahalalel lived 895 years, and then he died.
20 Altogether, Jared lived 962 years, and then he died.
23 Altogether, Enoch lived 365 years. 24 Enoch walked with God; then he was no more, because God took him away.
27 Altogether, Methuselah lived 969 years, and then he died.
31 Altogether, Lamech lived 777 years, and then he died.
32 After Noah was 500 years old, he became the father of Shem, Ham and Japheth.

Does That mean that God, Moses, and the Hebrews are liars?

I would not ask you the question as how do you reconcile the normal life of Jesus with the exagerrated lifespans of the Patriarchs while preserving the magnificence of Jesus as I already know your answer by this response.

I think it is called the Bible.

the entire Christian community has developed a severe reading disability in spotting it and simply chooses to misread it,either way,it is stomach turning.

I think that if one person believes one way, and billions believe another, that the one would most likely have at least, a stomach ache.

*Unlike you and many here, I adore how the sacred texts reveal their own answers to those who are genuine Christians but not to fools or the pretensious.That is just the way it is.
*

Part 1. Aren’t those who adore the Sacred Text, suppose to believe them?

Part 2. Matthew 5:22 But I tell you that anyone who is angry with his brother[a]will be subject to judgment. Again, anyone who says to his brother, ‘Raca,**’ is answerable to the Sanhedrin. But anyone who says, ‘You fool!’ will be in danger of the fire of hell.

uh, oh…:eek:

I will stay out of the remainder of this inspiring conversation. I just happened to have my Bible open…**
 
By your example, the deck of cards coming out in a particular order must be less than 1.
No kidding. Almost everything in the universe has a probability of less than 1.0.
Do you possess a doctorate in the laws of probability in Mathematics?
I have one graduate degree that was pretty heavy in statistics. And of course, biologists have to study stat.
Your {“proves” you are impossible} statement is not only inane, it is, like every other statement you have made, unsupported, unsubstantiated, conjecture.
I’m merely pointing out to you the argument they sold you is foolish. You are, by the same logic you presented, so astoundingly unlikely as to be impossible. Yet, here you are. If you learn why, you will know what’s so wrong with their argument.

Darwin’s statement on eugenics, from “The Descent of Man”
Nor could we check our sympathy, even at the urging of
hard reason, without deterioration in the noblest part of our
nature. The surgeon may harden himself whilst performing an operation,
for he knows that he is acting for the good of his patient; but if
we were intentionally to neglect the weak and helpless, it could
only be for a contingent benefit, with an overwhelming present evil.
We must therefore bear the undoubtedly bad effects of the weak
surviving and propagating their kind

literature.org/authors/darwin-charles/the-descent-of-man/chapter-05.html

Darwin denounced the intent of eugenics, and later Darwinians showed that it was not even scientifically practicable.

They didn’t tell you that part, um? Why not read the whole thing? Once you start looking things up for yourself, you’re no longer subject to them.
 
Previously I had apologized for my sarcasm. You graciously replied
“No need to apologize. I respect bluntness.”
Your response was noted and sincerely appreciated.
I now find it necessary to take you up on your offer.
Great. Let’s get started:
Mike Riddle, Board member of AiG (Answers in Genesis)
That does no small damage to his credibility. I am very careful about anything anyone from AIG says, after they were caught altering the statements of scientists they cited. (evidence on request)
Mike can give powerful, well-illustrated talks on:
  • dinosaurs and the Bible
  • the six days of creation
  • astronomy and the Bible
  • the origin of life
Since Mike is untrained in biology, why would anyone listen to him on dinosaurs or the origin of life? And since he associates and presents at anti-Catholic meetings, why do you think any of us would give him any credibility on the Bible or creation?
Mike holds a degree in mathematics and a graduate degree in education.
Which, in your opinion, makes him an authority on evolution?
He has been heavily involved in creation ministry for more than twenty years,
Which is why he is involved with anti-Catholic organizations?

and has gained such a good reputation as a speaker.

There are a lot of good speakers. Good thinkers are somewhat harder to get.
I have presented information from 2 highly recognized and respected men who hold advanced degrees.
How about one who actually knows something about biology?

Since you don’t seem to be able to support your original claim about Riddle’s calculations, can we conclude you’ve withdrawn the claim until you can support it?
Microbiologist Dr. Doug Axe Phd. has presented his findings publicly, after they were peer reviewed.
Let’s take a look:
**Extreme functional sensitivity to conservative amino acid changes on enzyme exteriors
**
**Douglas D. AxeCorresponding Author Contact Information, E-mail The Corresponding Author, Centre for Protein Engineering MRC Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2QH, UK
Available online 25 March 2002.

Abstract

Mutagenesis studies and alignments of homologous sequences have demonstrated that protein function typically is compatible with a variety of amino-acid residues at most exterior non-active-site positions. These observations have led to the current view that functional constraints on sequence are minimal at these positions. Here, it is shown that this inference assumes that the set of acceptable residues at each position is independent of the overall sequence context. Two approaches are used to test this assumption. First, highly conservative replacements of exterior residues, none of which would cause significant functional disruption alone, are combined until roughly one in five have been changed. This is found to cause complete loss of function in vivo for two unrelated monomeric enzymes: barnase (a bacterial RNase) and TEM-1 β-lactamase. Second, a set of hybrid sequences is constructed from the 50 %-identical TEM-1 and Proteus mirabilis β-lactamases. These hybrids match the TEM-1 sequence except for a region at the C-terminal end, where they are random composites of the two parents. All of these hybrids are biologically inactive. In both experiments, complete loss of activity demonstrates the importance of sequence context in determining whether substitutions are functionally acceptable. Contrary to the prevalent view, then, enzyme function places severe constraints on residue identities at positions showing evolutionary variability, and at exterior non-active-site positions, in particular. Homologues sharing less than about two-thirds sequence identity should probably be viewed as distinct designs with their own sets of optimising features.**

But in the report, Axe admits that you could make as many as 10 changes at once in amino acid sequences of an enzyme, without destroying its function. In some cases, his data shows 30 changes with the enzyme still functional. Yet he seems to argue that it can’t happen.

That’s pretty weird. Moreover, better understood enzymes such as cytochrome c, show that the argument is false:

members.cox.net/ardipithecus/evol/lies/lie010.html

The authors cited tried the same argument Axe did, but likewise were blindsided when it became clear that their “invariant” regions were nothing of the kind.
Where is your source? Are we to take it on your opinion that you know more than he?
Yes, if he actually believes that. A sophomore biochem student knows better than that.
 
So what about Nylon eating bacteria?

God Bless.

Chris.
Obviously, the bacteria that could eat nylon did. They did not change into nylon eaters. The human body can use synthetic versions of natural drugs. Many of these drugs did not exist until recently.

Peace,
Ed
 
Obviously, the bacteria that could eat nylon did. They did not change into nylon eaters. The human body can use synthetic versions of natural drugs. Many of these drugs did not exist until recently.

Peace,
Ed
Further study revealed that the three enzymes the bacteria were using to digest the byproducts were significantly different from any other enzymes produced by other Flavobacterium strains (or any other bacteria for that matter), and not effective on any material other than the manmade nylon byproducts.
^ Kinoshita, S.; Kageyama, S., Iba, K., Yamada, Y. and Okada, H. (1975). “Utilization of a cyclic dimer and linear oligomers of e-aminocaproic acid by Achromobacter guttatus”. Agricultural & Biological Chemistry 39 (6): 1219−23. ISSN 0002-1369. journalarchive.jst.go.jp/jnlpdf.php?cdjournal=bbb1961&cdvol=39&noissue=6&startpage=1219&lang=en&from=jnltoc.

So… this bacteria was here from the dawn of time, with coding to be effective on nylon byproducts, capable of digesting certain products of nylon 6, a manmade product, long before nylon was created?
Scientists have also been able to induce another species of bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, to evolve the capability to break down the same nylon byproducts in a laboratory by forcing them to live in an environment with no other source of nutrients. The P. aeruginosa strain did not seem to use the same enzymes that had been utilized by the original Flavobacterium strain.
^ Prijambada ID, Negoro S, Yomo T, Urabe I (May 1995). “Emergence of nylon oligomer degradation enzymes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO through experimental evolution”. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61 (5): 2020–2. PMID 7646041. PMC: 167468. aem.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=7646041.

God Bless.

Chris.
 
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