Okay, I just stepped into the crossfire between a philosophical usage of a term and a theological one… sigh.
Alright, lets start with philosophical finitude.
Really, this can be boiled down to two distinct points which the Catholic must be concerned about.
- All possible human knowledge is bounded by creation and the immediate human perception. Basically, if it can’t be immediately experienced, it can’t be known. This knowledge is not a sum total of human existence but rather transient as it is based upon the individual’s perception.
- There is no overarching truth, let alone an absolute one. Knowledge is encapsulated wholly within individual experience. There is no continuity and thus no absolutes or even transient constants which progress through human existence from one individual to the next.
This, as a whole, can be pretty clearly denounced as a heresy by simply saying “God existed before man.” This truth must have existed outside of man’s perception as man did not even exist yet.
Now on to theological finitude.
Pretty much, this boils down to: God made man (and all of creation) with limits… Full stop. This is pretty simple, but there
can be heresy lurking within it’s shadows if it is taken in a specific way.
Heresy:
God made man with limits. These limits are intrinsic parts of human nature. God cannot violate these limits as doing so would contradict Himself. If God, being all powerful, cannot violate them, nothing else can. Thus, nothing may move us beyond these natural limits.
This looks nice and at first glance may seem true but, in reality, it is not. Yes, man has limits. These limits, exist solely within human nature. This human nature is first and foremost subservient to the divine will as it is an image and likeness (although an imperfect one) of God, who’s essence and will are one. Thus, grace may move mankind beyond their limits. We can see this in concrete examples of the Apostles speaking in tongues at Pentacost, the bi-location of St. Pio of Pietrelcina, or the levitation of St. Joseph of Cupertino. Even the existence of the soul after death exceeds the finitude of the body and disproves this heresy.
Hope this helped.
God Bless,
Br. Ben, CRM